Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

what is ASD

A

complex developmental condition

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2
Q

what does ASD involve

A

challenges with social communication, restricted interests and repetitive behavior

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3
Q

autism is a…

A

lifelong disorder

that has high variability in individual presentation

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4
Q

etiology

A

unknown cause

suspected genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with the dx

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5
Q

unrelated risk factors

A

vaccination

maternal smoking

assisted reproductive technologies

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6
Q

related risk factors

A

advanced parental age

birth complications

maternal obesity & diabetes

c-section

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7
Q

birth complications –> related risk factors

A

associated w/ trauma/ischemia and hypoxia

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8
Q

etiology –> nutrition

A

deficiency of folic acid, omega 3 and vitamin D

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9
Q

incidence of ASD

A

1 in 68

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10
Q

who is more likely to be dx w/ ASD

A

boys 4x more likely

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11
Q

identical twins –> ASD

A

ASD in one child –> increase the chances of the other having it to 95% (from 36%)

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12
Q

siblings –> ASD

A

if one child has ASD, the other has a 31% risk of developing ASD

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13
Q

siblings of children with ASD

A

have a 25-50% increase risk of developing other developmental delays that warrant intervention

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14
Q

neurological abnormalities

A

brain underconnectivity

glial inflammation

altered fxn of mirror neurons

decrease in…

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15
Q

altered fxn of mirror neurons –>neurological abnormalities

A

involved in recognition/imitation of motor tasks

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16
Q

decrease in… –> neurological abnormalities

A

cortical thickness

white matter connectivity

neurochemical concentrations in the brain

of pukinje cells in the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres

17
Q

when do symptoms emerge

A

prior to 3 years of age

w/in domains of social communication development and imaginative play

18
Q

characteristics of ASD

A

qualitative social impairments in non-verbal behaviors

failure to develop peer relationships

lack of spontaneous sharing of interests and enjoyment

lack of emotional or social reciprocity

19
Q

qualitative social impairments in non-verbal behaviors –> characteristics

A

eye gaze

facial expressions

body postures

gestures during social interactions

20
Q

verbal communication deficits

A

delay or lack of spoken language

impaired ability to initiate or sustain a convo with others

use of repetitive or idiosyncratic language

lack of spontaneous, pretend play

21
Q

restricted repetitive and stereotyped behaviors

A

one or more stereotyped patterns of interest

inflexible adherence to routines and rituals

stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms

persistent preoccupation with parts of objects

22
Q

social communication deficits

A

doesnt play interactive games

avoids eye contact

displays lack of empathy

prefers solitary or ritualistic play

doesnt imitate actions of others

23
Q

what are the associated impairments

A

cognitive

sensory-perceptual impairments

24
Q

sensory-perceptual impairments (1)–> associated impairments

A

sensory modulation disorders (over/under responsive)

tactile, visual, auditory, proprioceptive and vestibular

may find normal noises painful

25
Q

sensory-perceptual impairments (2)–> associated impairments

A

hold hands over ears

withdraws from physical contact

rubs surfaces or licks objects

26
Q

signs of sensory overload (1)

A

loss of balance/coordination

skin flushes/goes pale

verbalizing “Stop”

refuses activities

racing heartbeat

27
Q

signs of sensory overload (2)

A

hysteria/crying

stomach distress, nausea, vomiting, cramps

sweating

anger/agitation

repeating

28
Q

signs of sensory overload (3)

A

stimming

lashing out