Autism

Question 1

DSM IV dx - 3 domains

Answer 1

Social, communication, restricted behaviors/interest

Question 2

Social impairments (4)

Answer 2

(a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
(b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
(c) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest)
(d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity

Question 3

Communication impairments (4)

Answer 3

(a) delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)
(b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
(c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
(d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level

Question 4

Narrowed interests/repetitive behaviors (4)

Answer 4

(a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
(b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
(c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
(d) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects

Question 5

DSM IV criteria (5)

Answer 5

 At least 2 symptoms from the social domain
 At least 1 symptom from the communication domain
 At least 1 symptom from the restricted behaviors/interest domain
 Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years: (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play
 The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett’s Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Question 6

Rates of autism

Answer 6

1 in 110
Boys 1:80
Girls 1:315