Authors Flashcards
Unit 1 Hopper (2018)
Economic Growth theory: Keynesianism
Modernization theory: western model od development - liberal capitalist values, economic growth to become “modern”
Structuralism
Dependency theory
Neoliberalism: privatization, deregulation, fiscal austerity, financial liberalization, currency devaluation, minimal role of state, SAPs
Unit 1 Sen (2002)
Globalization: process through trade, travel, spread of cultural influence, migration, knowledge
Not only Western, global heritage
The question is not whether the poor benefit or not but if they get their fair share
Capitalism only concerned with expanding the market - nothing else
Unit 1 Hickel (2019)
SDGs contradict each other when they demand economic growth and sustainability at the same time
Global North does not need further growth
Link between eradication of hunger and growth is misleading
Unit 2 Hopper
Americanization
Mcdonaldization
Westernization
Development is Euro-centric
Post-development
Sen: economics far from value-free: European rationalist thought
Non-Western world portrayed as trying to “catch-up” (also Hickel 2021)
Fanon (1965)
Colonialism in Algeria
Stereotypes of the colonized
Fight of France to further exploit people and land
Unit 2 Hickel (2021)
North is responsible for excess use of resources and affluence comes from exploitation of Southern people and environment
Degrowth is about decolonization
Degrowth needed to scale down energy demand and output
Individual not responsible- system creates inequality and ecological breakdown
Dependency-theory - “catch-up” impossible
Unit 2 Mawdsley (2019)
SSC has grown, SSC 3.0 since 2015
More cooperation, more complex relations, differing interests
SSC often was in context of shared colonial or post-colonial experiences and identity
Unit 2 Pailey (2019)
The white gaze:
White fragility + racial contract
Whiteness is the universal standard against that everyone and everything is measured
Local people and experience often excluded in development process
Frame justifies white privilege and domination
Power concedes nothing without a demand
Racist hierarchy in development
E.g. in development agencies
Racism not discussed
Examples: skin-colour, face-recognition software
Unit 3 Hopper
SAPs,
GATT/WHO
IMF, WB
Participatory development
NGOs
Economic order shaped by the West in their favour and to their advantage
Unit 3 Chandhoke (2013) (she)
Realizing Justice
No link between growth and lessening od inequalities
Justice through global civil society activism
Who can achieve it remains open
Democratic state only institution that the poor or their representatives can address
Unit 3 Hass et al.
China’s Belt and Road project
Unit 3 Oxfam (2022)
Report on gobal inequality
Inequality kills - health care access for poor ppl limited
Extreme inequality is economic violence
Unit 4 Hopper
People in low and middle income countries suffer more from lifestyle diseases and preventable deaths
Education is important
Unit 4 Büyüm et al. (2020)
Covid affects the marginalized/ poor more - inequality
Current health system inadequate to address structural violence
Structural violence - global, regional and local systems of oppression
Widens inequality by discriminating policies and racist patterns
Decolonize health to uproot health inequality and power-imbalances
Paradigm/leadership/knowledge shift
Unit 4 Nauta & Stranihova (2012)
Philantrocapitalism - strategies of international capitalism to affect positive change - business thinking + philanthropy
Structural violence - refers to current global and political order (Zizek calls it fundamental systemic violence of capitalism)
AIDS In SSA linked to poverty and inequality and neoliberalism
Expolitative North - South relations
Idea spread that AIDS has sth to do with Africa and blackness itself - racism as Pailey describes
Unit 5 Arts (2017)
Human Rights and development - relationship highly discussed
Human Rights in SDGs but insufficiently
Unit 5 Marks (2022)
Sen - HDI, Human Rights
Development is abkut freedom of capabilities
Development is a Human Right - present global order and massive poverty ongoing human rights violation
How to eradicate poverty?
Economists fail but not implying human rights in their work
Unit 5 Pacheco-Vega (2019
Bottled water companies are taking advantage of lacking trust in government
This business can relive governments from their duty to provide water
Water as a commodity - capitalism
Unit 5 Pogge (2005)
Poor woule need only marginal share of the global product to escape poverty
Affluent countries are (morally) to do more against poverty
Global institutional order actuvely harms poor
Duty not only to help but also to not actively harm
Unit 6 De Haas (2020)
Capabilities and aspirations to move come from migration
Higher levels of development usually associated with higher levels of emigration
Middle-income countries tend to be most migratory
Rural-urban-spillover
Push-pull models insufficient
Unit 6 Palmary (2020) (she)
Migration policy does not refelct reality
Contextual factor important for relation of migration and poverty
Migration more successful for people with more resources of all kinds
Unit 6 Carling (2020)
Eight perspectives on remittances
Remittances major ahift of wealth from rich to poor countries
Three tumes more than official development assistance
Re. increasingly seen as part if development agenda - critizised
Re. transfer also social wealth
Re. hard to measure, increase comes from differences in measurement
Unit 6 Vari-Lavoisier (2020) (she)
Remittances are also social
What is social? Look at social transfers in specific economic/political/social/emotional environment
Unit 6 Tondo (2021)
Refugee deaths linked to illegal EU pushbacks
Unit 6 Mlambo & Adetiba (2017)
South African health sector loses professional workers, they emigrate
Mainly push factors: wages, working conditions, security
Makes the situation even worse
SA educates doctor and the emigrate
Investments and change necessary
Unit 7 Hopper
Environmental justice, concern, poverty
Sustainable development
Unit 7 Hickel (2021)
Degrowth in the Siuth necessary
Degrowth can be seen as positive term (Decolonization)
Scale down energy demand / material use and output
Degrowth is not recession because it calls for a whole different economic system
Unit 7 Borras Jr. et al. (2020)
Climate change politics related to land grabbing
Green grabbing
Example of Myanmar
Locals are pushed of their lands
New framing of sustainability as justification
Capitalism drives deforestation and climate change
“Smart” agriculture
Pushed by MNCs
Unit 7 Jakobsen & Hansen (2020)
Goegraphies of meatification
Change if diets in Asia - more meat
Regional meat complex emerges through increasingly regional development processes and capital, and new SOUTH-SOUTH connections
Meatification shows signs of multiple power centres
Import from both Americas
India large producer, differences in consumption increase
Unit 7 Van der Ven & Sun (2020)
8 characteristics of crises determine governance response
Strength of characteristics determines
Accountability, Immediacy, transcience (estimated duration), visibility, proximity (Nähe), Universality, Expertise, Legibility (responses seem adequate and justified)
Unit 7 Oldekop et al. (2020)
Covid as an example of a shared global challenge
New form of approach necessary
Challenges for all countries
(Criticism possible/obvious)
Developmental agencies
Bretton Woods institutions: IMF (provides loans and exchange rates stability) world bank (finances development/investment projects, policy change)
GATT (1947) - WTO (1995) Encourages free trade regulates tariffs
SAPs
Asican alternatives (AIIB, belt and roads initiative, new development bank)
Unit 4 Nauta (2022)
Strengthening SSC & TrIangular C. is necessary
True solidarity linked to a more human rights based democratization of global health
More justice to the poor and disadvantaged necessary
Economic dimension in SDGs often takes precedent
Global health should be decolonized
Inequality bad for solidarity
Democracy important to diminish inequality
De-centring white gaze mentioned
