Authoritarian States Flashcards
Totalitarianism
A radical dictatorship that exercises total claims over the beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society.
Fascism
A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, snit socialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military.
Eugenics
A pseudoscientific doctrine that maintains that the selective breaking of human beings can improve the general characteristics of a national population which helped inspire Nazi ideas about rave and space and ultimately contributed to the Holocaust
Five-year plan
A plan launched by Stalin in 1928 that aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union
New Economic Policy
Lenin’s 1921 policy to re-establish limited economic freedom
Collectivization of Agriculture
The forcible consolidation of peasant farms into the larger farms of the state
Kulaks
The wealthy peasants who were stripped of land and livestock under Stalin and were generally not permitted to join collective farms; many of them starved or were deported to labor camps
Kronstadt Sailors
Tough soldiers like our special forces could go take care of any problems
Kronstadt Rebellion
The sailors held up in the fort and then repelled one attack but not the second some sailors made the 8 mile journey across ice to Finland.
War Communism
When the government has complete control forcing the workers to work for low wages to make the maximum amount of output possible
What remained nationalized under the NEP?
Banks, Communications, and Transportation
Who was Lenin’s chosen successor?
He didn’t have a successor
Who won out between Stalin and Trotsky?
Stalin
What happened to Trotsky after he lost to Stalin?
He was banished to Siberia and later kicked out of the country. He was killed in 1940 in Mexico by a Spanish Communist.
What were Stalin’s pros and cons during his campaign?
He was a good organizer, but a bad speaker, but he could get people to like him because he had a strong base since he was so organized.
What were Trotsky’s pros and cons during his campaign?
He was a charismatic speaker who’s seen the world and what’s worked and what hasn’t worked but he was not as strong as Stalin politically and he wasn’t seen as patriotic since he had lived outside of the country
What year were the five year plans in effect?
1928-38
What were the gorals for the first five years both industrially and agriculturally?
They were to raise industrial output by 250% and agricultural output by 150%
How many years did Stalin say Russia was behind the west?
50 or 100
The effects of collectivization of agriculture
Mass chaos and resistance from the peasants
Under Stalin how much Farmland was able to be privately owned?
4%
Out of that 4% that was privately owned what was the percentage of crops being produced by the entire nation.
22%
What happened to the number of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats in the soviet union between 1929 and 1933
It was cut in half
How did the first five year plan actually turn out in terms of agriculture
It was not good. Agriculture barely increased
What was the Soviet response when Ukrainian leaders reported that their people were starving?
They didn’t care they kept taking food away from them
What was the result of the starvation in Ukraine?
A terrible man-made famine
What was the direct cost of collectivization
Millions of deaths more than the total number that died in WWI
Gosplan
A committee that oversaw industry in Russia
What were the products that the USSR were making?
Industrial products. They were not making consumer products so not as much money was being made off them.
How many people migrated to the cities in the 1930’s?
More than 25 million people
