Australian's at War Flashcards
How long did WWI last?
From July 1914 to November 1918.
MANI…
What were the long term causes of WWI?
- Militarism (long standing armies)
- Alliance systems (dividing Europe)
- Nationalism (competition between European nations)
- Imperialism (National rivalries)
…AC
What were the short term causes of WWI?
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 1914) - Austria declares war on Sebia
- Crises - alliance systems require national allie support in crises.
What was the Triple Entente?
- Alliance between England, France + Russia
- Pledged to defend each other
- In response to Germany’s growing power
- Wanted to preserve power
What was the Triple Alliance?
- Between Germany, Austria-Hungary + Italy
- An agreement to come to each others aid
- Wanted to gain power
Why did Australian men enlist in WWI?
- Australia was part of the British Empire (Britain was at war against Triple Alliance)
- Over 416,000 Australian enlisted in Australian Imperial Force (with some women as part of the Nursing Service)
- Intially men needed regula rpay, sought combat, wanted to escape typical life, and wanted to do their duty for the British empire. However, as the AIF suffered significant loss (Gallipoli/Western Front), the decision in service was through dutry rather than escape.
What was the Gallipoli Campaign?
- Latsed 10 months, 3 week, 2 days
- ANZAC’s and Ottoman troops lived, fought and suffered on the peninsula
- Over 7000 ANZAC’s were killed with 18,000 injured.
What occurred during the Gallipoli campaign?
- British and French battleships began the fight through the Dardenelles (gateway to Istanbul/Black Sea
- Major fighting between ANZAC’s and Ottoman empire to gain advantage
- Battle of Lone Pine + Nek
- The decision to evacuate due to severe loss
Why was a land invasion decided upon?
Although Allies destroyed Turkish forts in the Dardanelles, water was heavily mined, causing a land invasion at the Gallipoli Peninsula.
What was the Battle of Lone Pine?
The Battle of Lone Pine was aimed to be a diversion for another assult in seizing higher ground - to take hold of the Turkish line and draw Turkish reserves away. However, the Turks drove the Australians back to the trenches.
What was the Battle of the Nek?
The Battle of the Nek was an attempt to draw the Turks to the allied position on the ANZAC frontline, as troops attempted to seize Turkish grounds. However the Turkish trnches on the slope of ‘Baby 700’ allowed the domination of Australian positions.
Why was a withdraw ordered?
- Of the 600 ANZAC’s, 234 were killed and 138 wounded.
- Due to this and severe struggles, the British government ordered a withdrawal, where the last ANZAC boats departed on 20 December in darkness. This was thought to be one of the campaign’s greatest achievements.
What was trench life like?
- Trenches primarily protected soliders from enemy fire
- It provided protection, allowed safe troop and supply movement, a place to sleep and launch attack.
- poor sanitation - rats and disease
Innovations in WWI.
- Weapons used in WWI were rifles, bayonets, grenades, machine guns and other artilery.
- The development of the periscope rifle allowed a solider to shoot, whilst staying in the trench
- William Scurrt invented the Drip Rifle which would fire even after soliders had lefts - made to think the trench was still occupied.
What is reliability in a source?
- Is the source trushworthy?
- Degrees of reliability - extremely, very, somewhat, not very
- A source’s reliability is based upon the creator, their background and experience.
