Australia’s role as a penal colony from 1788; the importance of Lachlan Macquarie: the development of Sydney; land grants to ex-convicts and development up the Hawkesbury River; the growth of Macquarie towns Flashcards
When was Governor Phillip commissioned to be Governor?
7 February 1788
When did the First Fleet arrive in Botany Bay?
18 January 1788
How much did it cost in fitting out the First Fleet?
£84,000
What were the reasons for the establishment of a penal colony?
Overcrowded British prisons; Prevent French territorial gain; Loss of America; Urbanisation in America
Of the 1,420 people on board the First Fleet, how many were convicts?
775 (732 arrived in Botany Bay)
What percentage of the convicts had been sentenced for minor theft?
66.6%
Who commanded the Marines under Governor Phillip?
Major Robert Ross
Between which years was Arthur Phillip Governor?
1788-1792
Who was the Governor in the years 1795-1800?
John Hunter
Who was the Governor in the years 1800-1806?
Philip Gidley King
Who was the Governor in the years 1806-1808?
William Bligh
Between which years was Lachlan Macquarie Governor?
1810-1821
Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1821-1825?
Thomas Brisbane
Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1825 to 1831?
Ralph Darling
After arriving in Botany Bay, where did the settlers move to?
To Sydney Cove (through Port Jackson)
By what method were serving officers and prisoners encouraged to stay in Australia?
Offered land grants
By 1792, how many acres of land were under private cultivation?
1,000 acres
What were the 4 main reasons for the survival of the First Fleet?
Preparations of the fleet; establishing a second colony in Norfolk Island; control of food stores by Governor Phillip; relocation to better farmland
When was the First Fleet initially meant to have set sail?
December 1786
When was a colony established in Norfolk Island?
1790
When did Governor Phillip insist that rations be shared equally?
1 April 1790
Where did Phillip settle after moving 16 miles from Sydney Cove?
Parramatta
When did the Second Fleet arrive?
3 June 1790
What was the population in 1792 between the two colonies in Sydney and Parramatta?
3,000
When did the Irish convicts try to rebel against Governor King?
1804
Which two important developments occurred under Governor Macquarie?
Shipment of silver coins in 1812 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 (3/4 of all convicts arrived after 1815).
When was the New South Wales Corps formed?
1789
When was the Rum Rebellion against Governor Bligh?
1808
Macquarie was very sympathetic to the emancipists and so who did he argue should be allowed to plead in court?
George Crossley
Who was a surgeon in New South Wales who had been emancipated?
William Redfern
When had a penal colony been established in Port Macquarie?
1822
When was a penal colony established in Norfolk Island after it had been abandoned in 1814?
1824
Who were two famous widowers in New South Wales that had been allowed to inherit businesses from their husbands?
Mary Haydock and Elizabeth MacArthur
What was the most important source of income for the colony until the 1830s?
Whaling
How many men and women were there in the colony in 1805?
4,000 men and 1,300 women
When did the first female convicts land in the colony?
6 February 1788
Who was the colony’s first architect?
Francis Greenway (former convict)
What did Macquarie issue for those convicts who were seen to be behaving well within the colony?
Early pardons and tickets of leave
When was the First Select Committee Report into Transportation of Convicts?
1812 (supported Macquarie’s actions and it’s criticisms were turned down by the Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary)
When was the Bigge Report?
1822
When were the first land grants in Hawkesbury?
1794 (expanded faster between 1800 and 1809)
How many towns were founded Macquarie in Hawkesbury between 1810 and 1811?
5
Which specific Aboriginal people suffered at the expense of European expansion on Hawkesbury?
Darug
In which year did Macquarie sanction a punitive party against the Aboriginal people in response to the violence agains Hawkesbury farmers?
1816 (14 Aboriginal people died)
Which towns were developed as Macquarie towns between 1810 and 1811?
Castlereagh, Richmond, Windsor, Pitt Town and Wilberforce
In which decade was a road built to go over the Blue Mountains?
1820s
