Australia’s role as a penal colony from 1788; the importance of Lachlan Macquarie: the development of Sydney; land grants to ex-convicts and development up the Hawkesbury River; the growth of Macquarie towns

Question 1

When was Governor Phillip commissioned to be Governor?

Answer 1

7 February 1788

Question 2

When did the First Fleet arrive in Botany Bay?

Answer 2

18 January 1788

Question 3

How much did it cost in fitting out the First Fleet?

Answer 3

£84,000

Question 4

What were the reasons for the establishment of a penal colony?

Answer 4

Overcrowded British prisons; Prevent French territorial gain; Loss of America; Urbanisation in America

Question 5

Of the 1,420 people on board the First Fleet, how many were convicts?

Answer 5

775 (732 arrived in Botany Bay)

Question 6

What percentage of the convicts had been sentenced for minor theft?

Answer 6

66.6%

Question 7

Who commanded the Marines under Governor Phillip?

Answer 7

Major Robert Ross

Question 8

Between which years was Arthur Phillip Governor?

Answer 8

1788-1792

Question 9

Who was the Governor in the years 1795-1800?

Answer 9

John Hunter

Question 10

Who was the Governor in the years 1800-1806?

Answer 10

Philip Gidley King

Question 11

Who was the Governor in the years 1806-1808?

Answer 11

William Bligh

Question 12

Between which years was Lachlan Macquarie Governor?

Answer 12

1810-1821

Question 13

Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1821-1825?

Answer 13

Thomas Brisbane

Question 14

Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1825 to 1831?

Answer 14

Ralph Darling

Question 15

After arriving in Botany Bay, where did the settlers move to?

Answer 15

To Sydney Cove (through Port Jackson)

Question 16

By what method were serving officers and prisoners encouraged to stay in Australia?

Answer 16

Offered land grants

Question 17

By 1792, how many acres of land were under private cultivation?

Answer 17

1,000 acres

Question 18

What were the 4 main reasons for the survival of the First Fleet?

Answer 18

Preparations of the fleet; establishing a second colony in Norfolk Island; control of food stores by Governor Phillip; relocation to better farmland

Question 19

When was the First Fleet initially meant to have set sail?

Answer 19

December 1786

Question 20

When was a colony established in Norfolk Island?

Answer 20

1790

Question 21

When did Governor Phillip insist that rations be shared equally?

Answer 21

1 April 1790

Question 22

Where did Phillip settle after moving 16 miles from Sydney Cove?

Answer 22

Parramatta

Question 23

When did the Second Fleet arrive?

Answer 23

3 June 1790

Question 24

What was the population in 1792 between the two colonies in Sydney and Parramatta?

Answer 24

3,000

Question 25

When did the Irish convicts try to rebel against Governor King?

Answer 25

1804

Question 26

Which two important developments occurred under Governor Macquarie?

Answer 26

Shipment of silver coins in 1812 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 (3/4 of all convicts arrived after 1815).

Question 27

When was the New South Wales Corps formed?

Answer 27

1789

Question 28

When was the Rum Rebellion against Governor Bligh?

Answer 28

1808

Question 29

Macquarie was very sympathetic to the emancipists and so who did he argue should be allowed to plead in court?

Answer 29

George Crossley

Question 30

Who was a surgeon in New South Wales who had been emancipated?

Answer 30

William Redfern

Question 31

When had a penal colony been established in Port Macquarie?

Answer 31

1822

Question 32

When was a penal colony established in Norfolk Island after it had been abandoned in 1814?

Answer 32

1824

Question 33

Who were two famous widowers in New South Wales that had been allowed to inherit businesses from their husbands?

Answer 33

Mary Haydock and Elizabeth MacArthur

Question 34

What was the most important source of income for the colony until the 1830s?

Answer 34

Whaling

Question 35

How many men and women were there in the colony in 1805?

Answer 35

4,000 men and 1,300 women

Question 36

When did the first female convicts land in the colony?

Answer 36

6 February 1788

Question 37

Who was the colony’s first architect?

Answer 37

Francis Greenway (former convict)

Question 38

What did Macquarie issue for those convicts who were seen to be behaving well within the colony?

Answer 38

Early pardons and tickets of leave

Question 39

When was the First Select Committee Report into Transportation of Convicts?

Answer 39

1812 (supported Macquarie’s actions and it’s criticisms were turned down by the Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary)

Question 40

When was the Bigge Report?

Answer 40

1822

Question 41

When were the first land grants in Hawkesbury?

Answer 41

1794 (expanded faster between 1800 and 1809)

Question 42

How many towns were founded Macquarie in Hawkesbury between 1810 and 1811?

Answer 42

5

Question 43

Which specific Aboriginal people suffered at the expense of European expansion on Hawkesbury?

Answer 43

Darug

Question 44

In which year did Macquarie sanction a punitive party against the Aboriginal people in response to the violence agains Hawkesbury farmers?

Answer 44

1816 (14 Aboriginal people died)

Question 45

Which towns were developed as Macquarie towns between 1810 and 1811?

Answer 45

Castlereagh, Richmond, Windsor, Pitt Town and Wilberforce

Question 46

In which decade was a road built to go over the Blue Mountains?

Answer 46

1820s