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Edexcel History A-Level Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763–1914 - The birth of British Australia, 1788–1829 > Australia’s Role As A Penal Colony From 1788 > Flashcards

Australia’s Role As A Penal Colony From 1788 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Governor Phillip commissioned to be Governor?

A

7 February 1788

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2
Q

7 February 1788

A

18 January 1788

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3
Q

How much did it cost in fitting out the First Fleet?

A

£84,000

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4
Q

What were the reasons for the establishment of a penal colony?

A

Overcrowded British prisons; Prevent French territorial gain; Loss of America; Urbanisation in America

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5
Q

Of the 1,420 people on board the First Fleet, how many were convicts?

A

775 (732 arrived in Botany Bay)

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6
Q

What percentage of the convicts had been sentenced for minor theft?

A

66.6%

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7
Q

Who commanded the Marines under Governor Phillip?

A

Major Robert Ross

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8
Q

Between which years was Arthur Phillip Governor?

A

1788-1792

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9
Q

Who was the Governor in the years 1795-1800?

A

John Hunter

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10
Q

Who was the Governor in the years 1800-1806?

A

Philip Gidley King

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11
Q

Who was the Governor in the years 1806-1808?

A

William Bligh

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12
Q

Between which years was Lachlan Macquarie Governor?

A

1810-1821

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13
Q

Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1821-1825?

A

Thomas Brisbane

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14
Q

Who was the Governor of New South Wales from 1825 to 1831?

A

Ralph Darling

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15
Q

After arriving in Botany Bay, where did the settlers move to?

A

To Sydney Cove (through Port Jackson)

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16
Q

By what method were serving officers and prisoners encouraged to stay in Australia?

A

Offered land grants

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17
Q

By 1792, how many acres of land were under private cultivation?

A

1,000 acres

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18
Q

What were the 4 main reasons for the survival of the First Fleet?

A

Preparations of the fleet; establishing a second colony in Norfolk Island; control of food stores by Governor Phillip; relocation to better farmland

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19
Q

When was the First Fleet initially meant to have set sail?

A

December 1786

20
Q

When was a colony established in Norfolk Island?

A

1790

21
Q

When did Governor Phillip insist that rations be shared equally?

A

1 April 1790

22
Q

Where did Phillip settle after moving 16 miles from Sydney Cove?

A

Parramatta

23
Q

When did the Second Fleet arrive?

A

3 June 1790

24
Q

What was the population in 1792 between the two colonies in Sydney and Parramatta?

A

3,000

25
Q

When did the Irish convicts try to rebel against Governor King?

A

1804

26
Q

Which two important developments occurred under Governor Macquarie?

A

Shipment of silver coins in 1812 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 (3/4 of all convicts arrived after 1815).

27
Q

When was the New South Wales Corps formed?

A

1789

28
Q

When was the Rum Rebellion against Governor Bligh?

A

1808

29
Q

Macquarie was very sympathetic to the emancipists and so who did he argue should be allowed to plead in court?

A

George Crossley

30
Q

Who was a surgeon in New South Wales who had been emancipated?

A

William Redfern

31
Q

When had a penal colony been established in Port Macquarie?

A

1822

32
Q

When was a penal colony established in Norfolk Island after it had been abandoned in 1814?

A

1824

33
Q

Who were two famous widowers in New South Wales that had been allowed to inherit businesses from their husbands?

A

Mary Haydock and Elizabeth MacArthur

34
Q

What was the most important source of income for the colony until the 1830s?

A

Whaling

35
Q

How many men and women were there in the colony in 1805?

A

4,000 men and 1,300 women

36
Q

When did the first female convicts land in the colony?

A

6 February 1788

37
Q

Who was the colony’s first architect?

A

Francis Greenway (former convict)

38
Q

What did Macquarie issue for those convicts who were seen to be behaving well within the colony?

A

Early pardons and tickets of leave

39
Q

When was the First Select Committee Report into Transportation of Convicts?

A

1812 (supported Macquarie’s actions and it’s criticisms were turned down by the Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary)

40
Q

When was the Bigge Report?

A

1822

41
Q

When were the first land grants in Hawkesbury?

A

1794 (expanded faster between 1800 and 1809)

42
Q

How many towns were founded Macquarie in Hawkesbury between 1810 and 1811?

A

5

43
Q

Which specific Aboriginal people suffered at the expense of European expansion on Hawkesbury?

A

Darug

44
Q

In which year did Macquarie sanction a punitive party against the Aboriginal people in response to the violence agains Hawkesbury farmers?

A

1816 (14 Aboriginal people died)

45
Q

Which towns were developed as Macquarie towns between 1810 and 1811?

A

Castlereagh, Richmond, Windsor, Pitt Town and Wilberforce

46
Q

In which decade was a road built to go over the Blue Mountains?

A

1820s

Edexcel History A-Level Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763–1914 - The birth of British Australia, 1788–1829 (3 decks)

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