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Australia/New Zealand - SD > Australia - General > Flashcards

Australia - General Flashcards

1
Q

When did vines first arrive on Australia?

A

1788

With First Fleet of British prisoners

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2
Q

When did the vine begin to flourish in Australia?

A

Spread from New South Wales throughout the southeast by 1850 with free European settlers (bc of gold)

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3
Q

What two famous Australian brands sprung up as small wineries to meet demand in the 1850s? Who now owns these brands?

A

Penfolds
Lindemans

Now owned by Treasury Wine Estates

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4
Q

What happened to domestic demand for wine once the gold deposits depleted? What did this lead to?

A
  • Domestic demand fell
  • producers had to export to survive, or remain small and localized
  • this division still exists
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5
Q

When did phylloxera strike Australia?

A

Late 1800’s

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6
Q

What State of Australia was phylloxera contained to? What happened as a result regarding most important wine regions in Australia?

A

Confined to Victoria, decimated industry

Victoria had been most important region, but South Australia emerged as most important

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7
Q

How much of Australia’s wine is produced annually in South Australia?

A

~50%

Most large wine groups HQ there

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8
Q

What style of wine was the focus in AUS at the turn of the 20th C? (early 1900s)

Until when?

A

Sweet, fortified wines

From post-phylloxera until 1970s
80% production was sweet wine during that time

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9
Q

What factors brought AUS to the global forefront by the 21st C?

A
  • surge in quality of lower level wine
  • new technology
  • changin consumer preferences
  • skyrocketing domestic consumption
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10
Q

What are two technological advances that helped AUS in the late 1900s?

A
  • Developed bag in a box

- Early proponent on Stelvin closure

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11
Q

Where does AUS fall in terms of largest wine exporting countries?

A

4th behind Italy, France, Spain

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12
Q

4 components of the heard of AUS commercial winemaking?

A

technical proficiency
mechanical harvesting
irrigation
BLENDING!

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13
Q

Two important research institutions in AUS?

A

Australian Wine Research Institute
-Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)

Both in Adelaide

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14
Q

Would you expect the techniques of cultured yeasts, acidification and micro-oxygenation in AUS?

A

Yes, at mass market level

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15
Q

Is chaptalization legal in AUS?

A

NO! Grapes have no problem ripening

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16
Q

Why is mechanical harvesting a thing in AUS? What does this lead to in terms of plantings?

A

Lack large population and source of cheap labor

-plant accordingly - flat lands not crazy slopes

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17
Q

When do mechanical harvests often occur?

A

At night to preserve freshness and acidity

18
Q

How does minimal (zero) pruning help wine quality in AUS?

A

restricts vigor

19
Q

Is irrigation utilized in AUS? Two regions that couldn’t function w/o?

A

YES - vital

Riverland in South Australia
Riverina in NSW
-both unsuitable for viticulture w/o irrigation

20
Q

What give AUS the edge in terms of lower price point wines?

A
  • large companies (14 winemakers made 70% of wine in 2008) can make fruity accessible wine more cheaply than Cali, South America and Old World
  • can regulate and assure quality and consistency bu BLENDING!
21
Q

Is blending used for high end AUS wines or just cheap?

A

Across the board!

Grange!!!

22
Q

Who originally made Penfolds Grange? What was first vintage?

A
  • Max Schubert
  • 1951
  • Debuted as Grange Hermitage

-BLENDS from many vineyards across several regions
usually has small amount Cab Sauv

23
Q

What did limiting spread of Phylloxera do for vine age in AUS?

A
  • Some of the oldest vines in the world
  • some over 150 yrs old
  • own rootstock
24
Q

Name some of AUS top bottles from old vine parcels

A
  • Penfolds - Grange
  • Yalumba - Octavius
  • Clarenden Hills - Astralis
  • Torbreck - RunRig
25
Q

Who makes Octavius Shiraz?

A

Yalumba

26
Q

Who makes Astralis Shiraz?

A

Clarenden Hills

27
Q

Who makes RunRig Shiraz?

A

Torbreck

28
Q

What problems have threatened AUS in the mid 2000s

A
  • southeastern regions severe drought
  • questions about long-term sustainability of irrigated vineyards (water rights)
  • Brush fires in 2009, huge natrual disaster in Yarra Valley and Victoria
  • Frost in spring and early fall
29
Q

What vintages in the 00s were negatively affected by drought?

A

03, 06, 07, 08, 09

30
Q

When do Australian vintage dated wines appear on shelves compared to Northern Hemi?

A

6 months earlier!

31
Q

When was Wine Australia established?

A

1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation

32
Q

What body oversees the wine industry in AUS?

A

Wine Australia (formerly Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation)

33
Q

When was Label Integrity Program introduced?

A

1990

34
Q

What is min % of grape, vintage, and region if it is on label in AUS?

A

85% across the board

35
Q

If multiple varieties are on label, what rules apply?

A
  • Must be listed in order of proportion
  • all components at 85% or above must be listed
  • no grape listed can be less than something unlisted
36
Q

How are regions defined in AUS?

A

Geographical Indications (GIs)

37
Q

How are states subdivided?

A

Zone, region, sub-region

38
Q

What is required to be considered a region

A

single tract of land with at least 5 vineyards of 5 ha a piece
-min. output 500 tons of wine per year.

39
Q

When was South Eastern Australia zone authorized?

A

1996

40
Q

What is included in South Eastern Australia Zone?

A

ALL of:

Victoria
Tasmania
New South Wales

Wine growing areas of:

South Australia
Queensland

41
Q

Who is the “Father” of Australian Wine Industry

A

James Busby

  • Scottish born botanist, moved to NSW in 1820s, then back to Europe and returned to AUS with vine cuttings from Spain and France
  • Kirkton estate in Hunter Valley
42
Q

What three oceans surround Australia?

A

Indian Ocean to NW
Southern Ocean to South
Pacific Ocean to East

Australia/New Zealand - SD (7 decks)

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