Australia Flashcards
1
Q
Australian wines labeled with a grape varietal must contain what percentage of that grape?
A
85%
2
Q
Name the grape which accounts for 45% of all vines planted in Australia?
A
Shiraz
3
Q
Tumbarumba?
A
Tumbarumba:
- Quality wines
- Range of altitudes
- Continental climate
- Warm days and cooler nights
- Slightly cooler than Hilltops
- Pinot & Chardonnay for still and sparkling mainly
4
Q
Which Australian region specializes in Botrytized Semillon?
A
Riverina in New South Wales
5
Q
When was the first vintage of Penfolds Grange?
Who was the winemaker?
What was unique about this wine compared to other luxury bottlings?
A
1951
- Max Schubert
- This Shiraz is a blend of different vineyard sites, as opposed to other premier bottlings that source fruit from one “cru”.
6
Q
List 4 unofficial sub-regions of Barossa Valley:
A
Seppeltsfield
Rowland Flat District
Barossa Foothills
Western Ridge
7
Q
Name a top producer / wine of Hunter Valley Semillon.
What is the aging potential of this wine?
How does the wine start off in its youth, and what is its profile as it ages?
A
Tyrell’s “Vat 1”
Can age for over 2 decades.
Austere and grassy in its youth; Richness, honey, and buttered toast tones over time.
8
Q
How many wineries in Australia?
A
in 2018 – 2,250 wineries or vineyards with a brand in Australia
9
Q
The Hunter produces a uniqe expression of Semillon - describe it and how is it made
A
-
Semillon
- Unique expression of the varietal
- Dry; light bodied; high Acidity; low alcohol (10-11%);delicate Citrus ch & fairly neutral in youth
- Can age for decades ; developing complex & pronounced Toast, Honey, Hay notes with bottle ageing
- Highest quality not released until 5 years old
- Grapes picked early; must gently pressed; no skin contact to avoid extraction of phenolic compounds as Tannins;
- Must fermented at moderate temps in SS tanks
- Bottled straight away: rarely see oak
- Good to Outstanding quality: Mid – Premium priced
- Significant producer: TYRRELLS & MOUNT PLEASANT
10
Q
How did wine writer Hugh Johnson describe Penfolds “Grange”?
A
“The only First Growth of the Southern Hemisphere”
11
Q
What are the 3 main rivers that are used for irrigation in South Eastern Australia?
A
Murray
Darling
Murrumbidgee
12
Q
Where is Clare Valley, what’s the climate like and what white wine is it renowned for making and what does it taste like?
A
120 km north of Adelaide
Warm Mediterranean climate with a high diurnal range due to altitude on vineyards at 300-500mRL
Riesling - Dry, intense citrus and lime with hi acidity
with bottle age, honey and toast
13
Q
In which Australian GI is the producer Cullen located?
What is their top bottling?
What grapes are used, and which unofficial sub-region does it come from?
A
Margaret River GI, Western Australia
“Diana Madeline”
80% Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Malbec
Wilyabrup
14
Q
What are the climate risks in Hunter Valley?
What are some natural / human factors that help mitigate these?
A
RISK: Rainy weather often at harvest
RISK: Hot climate can cause grapes to over-ripen
RISK: Rot from humid conditions
- Good canopy management essential
- Prevailing northeast winds from the Pacific help to cool the vineyards.
- Cloud cover helps to shield vines from the sun.
- Early harvesting can help alleviate high sugar levels.
15
Q
Where is Mornington Peninsula, what’s the climate like, what two grapes is it most renowned for producing and what do they taste like?
A
South of Melbourne
Cool~Moderate Maritime. Vintages can vary due to cool, wet and windy weather around flowering and harvest
Pinot Noir - light, delicate and structured displaying pure fruit characteristics
Chardonnay - Citrus, pear, apple with hi acid usually softened with MLF
Also Pinot Gris
16
Q
In which Australian GI is the producer Torbreck located?
They focus entirely on ____ varieties.
Their top 3 wines are:
A
Barossa Valley GI
Rhone Varieties
RunRig Shiraz
The Laird Shiraz
Descendent Shiraz
17
Q
Where does Australia currently rank in terms of total production worldwide?
A
7th
18
Q
Where is Geelong, how does its climate compare to Yarra Valley and Mornington Peninsula, what is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
A
West of Melbourne
Cool~Moderate Maritime, but warmer than Yarra Valley / Mornington Peninsula
Very high quality Chardonnay; complex, concentrated with a full body
Also good earthy Pinot Noir, and fresh and peppery Shiraz
19
Q
What is the most important GI for fine wines in the Limestone Coast?
A
Coonawarra GI
20
Q
Which regions make up the Barossa Zone?
A
Barossa Valley + Eden Valley
21
Q
What are the 4 main fortified wines produced in Australia?
A
- Tawny
- Vintage Fortified
- Muscat
- Topaque
22
Q
Chardonnay from Tasmania - describe the wines
A
Chardonnay
- Around 25% of total plantings
-
Wines
- Medium Bodied with Medium Alcohol
- Flavours of apple, white peach, pear
- High Acidity often with full MLF (softens & enhances texture)
- Generally Barrel ferment (texture & Integration of Oak)
- Matured in old Oak , with some new
23
Q
Name the oldest Australian winery and the year it was established:
A
George Wyndham Estate / 1828
24
Q
Lenswood and Piccadilly Valley are sub-regions located within what GI?
A
Adelaide Hills GI
25
short details about Beechworth - and name an iconic producer
* Lies in hills S of Rutherglen
* 200mRL to over 1000mRL in Altitude
* Wide range of meso climates
* Best known for its top quality Chardonnay
* **Giaconda - famous for its Chardonnay**
26
What 5 grapes are predominant in Margaret River?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
27
What is Australian Semillon like
Youthful
With age
When is it picked?
How is it fermented?
Which region has made it its own grape?
Youthful - Light body, neutral taste
With age- Develops honey and toast, can age 20 years
Harvested early with low sugar levels and high acidity
Fermented protectively, SO2 and Stainless steel all the way
Hunter Valley
28
In which GI(s) is the producer Buller Wines located?
Rutherglen GI, Kings Valley GI, NE Victoria
29
Where is the Tahbilk winery located (sub-region within sub-region / region)?
What is its flagship wine, and what is significant about the vineyards it comes from?
Nagambie Lakes within Goulburn Valley, VIctoria.
"1860 Vines" Shiraz - harvested from pre-phylloxera vines planted in 1860.
30
Which champagne House makes Green Point in the Yarra Valley?
Domaine Chandon (Moet et Chandon)
31
Where is Barossa Valley, what's the climate like, what is it most famous for producing, and what does it taste like?
North of Adelaide
Warm, dry climate
Old Bush vine Shiraz, Cab Sauv, and Grenache - Full body, soft tannin, ripe **Black** fruit with sweet American oak
32
South Australia wine regions are based around which city and name the 6 premier regions
Centered around Adelaide
Barossa Valley
Eden Valley
Clare Valley
Adelaide Hills
McClaren Vale
Coonawara
33
In which Australian wine region is the Tamar valley, and what are they famed for producing?
Tasmania
Mainly Pinot Noir / Chardonnay, but cool climate Cabernet Sauvignon can also be successful.
34
What five companies dominate Australian wine production?
* Five companies dominate
* Accolade wines
* Casella Family brands
* Treasury Wine Estates
* Pernod Ricard
* Australian Vintage
35
What is the style of quality Australian Chardonnay and what is the climate like in the best regions?
Fresh, vibrant fruit, subtle lees, MLF and/or oak
Cool, moderate (Adelaide Hills, Mornington Peninsula, Yarra) or just warm regions (Margaret River)
36
What 3 zones does the Adelaide Superzone include?
Barossa / Fleurieu / Mt. Lofty Ranges
37
What are the No.1 black and white grapes in Australia?
Shiraz and Chardonnay
38
Which Australian state produces the most wine?
South Australia
39
Pinot Noir from Tasmania - describe the wines
**Pinot Noir**
* Almost 50% of total!
* **Wines**
* Light to Medium bodied
* Medium to High Acidity
* Medium Alcohol
* Strawberry and cherry aromas
* Warmer sites more Riper, Intense style
* Matured in older oak, with some new oak for premium examples
40
Where, specifically, is the Yalumba winery based?
3 notable facts about this winery:
What is their top bottling?
Eden Valley, South Australia.
- The oldest family-run winery in Australia.
- Has its own on-site nursery that supplies vines and rootstocks to much of Australia.
- Has its own cooperage that uses imported American, French and Hungarian staves to construct its own barrels.
- Top Bottling: The Octavius, Old Vine Shiraz from Barossa Valley.
41
For the following Australian GIs, identify the closest major market:
A. Yarra Valley
B. Hunter Valley
C. Margaret River
D. Barossa Valley
E. Tasmania
A. Melbourne
B. Sydney
C. Perth
D. Adelaide
E. Hobart
42
Generally, Australia's main growing regions have warm or hot climates.
What are 3 sources of cooling and examples of regions:
Southern or Indian oceans (Tasmania, Coonawarra)
Murray River System (Goulburn, Murray-Darling)
Altitude (Clare Valley, Adelaide Hills)
43
What percentage of Australian wine is exported?
* In 2018 it exported 8.5m hl **– about 66% of its total production**
44
Where is Goulburn Valley, what's the climate like, what is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
East of Heathcote
Warm, mitigated slightly by lakes and creeks
Shiraz is the most planted, but **Marsanne** is the speciality; citrus fruit in youth developing honey aromas with age
45
The Goulburn Valley & Bendigo are part of Central Victoria, what are they known for?
* **Goulburn Valley & Bendigo**
* well suited to ripe, full bodied reds
* Goulburn produces whites with Marsanne, Roussanne and Viognier
* Marsanne long history in zone
46
The oldest continuously producing Grenache and Shiraz vines in the world are found in \_\_\_.
South Australia
47
What latitude is Tasmania?
41-43 degrees south
48
Name 4 Premium wines from the McLaren Vale GI
D’Arenberg “Dead Arm” Shiraz
Yangarra "High Sands" Grenache
Drew Noon “Eclipse” Grenache-based blend
Clarendon Hills “Australis” Shiraz
49
In which GI is the producer Campbells located?
What wines do they specialize in?
Rutherglen GI
Rutherglen Topaque / Rutherglen Muscat
50
What is the second most planted red grape in Australia?
Cabernet Sauvignon
51
In the early-mid 20th Century, Hunter Valley Sémillon was also called 3 other names:
- Riesling
- Chablis
- White Burgundy
52
Which style of wine was the major focus of the Australian wine industry in the 1950s?
Fortified Wines
53
Where is Margaret River, what's the climate like and what is it most renowned for producing?
200km South of Perth
Warm Maritime with fairly high rainfall
Cab Sav, mainly blended with Merlot in a Bordeaux style
Chardonnay / Sauvignon Blanc / Semillon
54
How many wines were classified as "Exceptional" in the Langton's Classification of Australian Wine VI?
Name 4 of them, including their region:
21
Penfolds "Bin 95 Grange" Shiraz, S. Australia
Grosset Polish Hill Riesling, Clare Valley
Clarendon Hills "Astralis" Syrah, McLaren Vale
Jim Barry "The Armagh" Shiraz, Clare Valley
55
In which Australian GI is the producer d'Arenberg located?
What is their winemaking philosophy?
What is their flagship bottling, and what is its name based on?
McLaren Vale GI
Minimal input viticulture (philosophy based on no irrigation, fertilization, spraying, and soil cultivation)
"Dead Arm" Shiraz - a reference to the fungus Eutypa lata, which kills one branch of the vine.
56
The Art Series is produced by whom?
Where are they based?
What does the Art Series represent?
Leeuwin Estate
Margaret River, Western Australia.
The Art Series represents Leeuwin Estate's most opulent and ageworthy wines from each vintage, and the labels feature artwork commisioned from contemporary and Aboriginal Australian artists.
57
What's that soil in Coonawarra called and what is it made up?
Where else in the world is this soil found?
"Terra Rossa"
Red clayey topsoil over a limestone subsoil
La Mancha, Spain
58
Where does the best Australian Pinot Noir come from and what is its style?
From cool ~ moderate sites (Yarra, Mornington Peninsula, and Tasmania)
Medium body, med alc, med~hi acidity, Cherry and Strawberry
59
In which South Australian GI are the producers Jim Barry and Wendouree located?
Clare Valley GI
60
Vineyard planted in hectares? and name the top three varieties
* Vineyard planted in 2017 – 146,000 Ha.
* Shiraz – 40,000 Ha.
* Cabernet Sauvignon - ~25,000 Ha.
* Chardonnay – over 20,000 Ha.
61
Simply summarise the Australian GI hierarchy system
**Zones** - Can be huge, can be states or several states e.g. South Australia, South-Eastern Australia Zone
**Regions** - e.g. Coonawara, Clare Valley, Margaret River They must have consistent and distinct qualities from neighbouring regions.
**Sub-regions** - Notable areas with distinct and unique qualities
62
Terra Rossa soils in Coonawarra produce the best wines, describe them.
* Best wines from Terra Rossa soils
* Free draining iron-rich loam, avg 50cm depth over hard limestone base that roots struggle to penetrate, restricting access to water
* Soils slight Alkaline; restricting nutrients
* these restrictions control vigour & produce lower concentrated yields
* Under hard limestone- water retaining softer limestone ; used for irrigation
* Terra Rossa soils form narrow strip in central core of region; land expensive
63
What is the predominant style of Australian Riesling and in which two regions is it most famous?
Citrus - Lime, lemon and grapefruit with high acidity.
It rapidly develops notes of toast, honey and petrol.
Usually dry or slightly off-dry
Eden and Clare valleys
64
What type of oak barrel was most commonly used in Australia until recent times?
300l American Hogshead
65
Heathcote - what are the % of black varieties planted, and Shiraz in particular - describe the Shiraz wines made
* 84% of plantings are Black varieties
* Shiraz is 50% of Black varieties
* Shiraz:
* Medium (+) Acidity
* Full bodied; High Alcohol
* Pronounced aromas of ripe dark fruit; Cherry & plum; Sweet spices
* Good to Outstanding quality - Mid to Premium priced
66
Where is McLaren Vale, what's the climate like, what grapes does it mostly grow, vinified in what style?
Coast S of Adelaide
Warm climate tempered by afternoon breezes
Mainly black grapes; Shiraz, Cab Sav, Merlot and Grenache being intensely flavoured with dark fruit aromas and soft, ripe, tannins.
Old vine Shiraz and Grenache too
67
Clare Valley is renowned for Riesling but which 2 black grapes does it do well with and what do they taste like?
Shiraz - Fragrant, powerful with structure
Excellent Cab Sav - Diff styles depending on vineyard location
68
The King and Alpine Valleys are located in which zone of which Australian state?
Northeast Victoria
69
What is the most important classification of Australia's wines?
Langton's Classification of Australian Wine
70
Wines labelled "Barossa" may source their fruit from which regions?
Barossa Valley and Eden Valley
71
climate of Tasmania?
cool Maritime climate with weather coming off the Southern ocean
72
Name 2 Australian regions have a reputation for premium sparkling wines made form Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Tasmania
Yarra Valley
73
Grampians wine regions - describe it and name a key producer
**Grampians**
* 130 kms inland
* Moderate climate
* Temps moderated by Altitude-240-440m
* Wide diurnal range; thus retaining acidity
* Slopes reduce risk of spring frosts; lower vineyards at risk
* Rainfall low in growing season-250mm
* Sandy, Loamy soils retain water well-No irrigation
* Some soils acidic- resulting in reduced vigour & yields unless treated with Lime
* **MOUNT LANGI GHIRAN (GRAMPIANS)**
74
Which country has the fastest growing consumption levels of Australian wine?
China
75
Where is Hunter Valley?
What's the climate like and how is it mitigated?
What is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
What is the most popular grape planted now?
North of Sydney in NSW
Sub-tropical, the warmest of Australia's traditional wine regions. cloud cover and ocean breezes mitigate
**Semillon** - Light body, low alc, high acidity, neutral flavour
With age - Toast, nuts and honey
Chardonnay is most popular; White wine accounts for 60% of wines produced.
76
What two varieties add up to more than 50% of total Australian exports in volume and value terms
* Over 50% of all exports are Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
77
Which state is the Cowra GI located in?
Who is a key producer?
What grapes are mainly cultivated (3 red / 4 white)?
New South Wales
Cowra Estate
Red Grapes: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
White Grapes: Chardonnay, Semillon, Verdelho, Sauvignon Blanc
78
Where is Heathcote, what's the climate like, what is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
Central Victoria zone
Warm continental, warm summer days with cooling at altitude
Shiraz is 50%+ of plantings (black grapes are 84%)
Medium + acidity, full bodied, high alcohol, with ripe dark fruits, (black cherry and plum) and sweet spice
79
Identify the correct designation for the following GIs:
1. Hunter Valley
2. Hunter
3. Upper Hunter Valley
1. Zone
2. Region
3. Sub-Region
80
Where is Yarra Valley, what's the climate like, what is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
NE of Melbourne
Cool~moderate maritime. Varied by altitude and aspects
Pinot Noir - Rich fruit; strawberries, plums and dark cherries. Careful use of oak adds complexity
81
Which global wine company owns Penfolds?
What 2 other large brands do they own?
Treasury Wine Estates.
Lindeman's in Australia, Beringer in California.
82
Macedon Ranges - describe it and what varietals it is known for
**Macedon Ranges:**
* North of Melbourne (not NE as in the book!)
* 143 ha only – very small region
* 40 small quality focused wineries
* Macedon ranges are on the SW part of the Great Dividing Range
* Vineyards at altitude from 300-800mRL
* **Climate**
* One of the coolest climate in mainland Australia
* Careful site selection needed to reduce frost risk & enhance ripening
* **Viticulture, soils, etc**
* Shallow, Granitic, sandy loams found on hillsides, which naturally reduce yields
* deeper loams found on lower slopes
* **Winemaking**
* Chardonnay & Pinot Noir widely grown
* elegant Riesling is a specialty with intense lime & lemon
* Shiraz
* distinctive black pepper character
* needs a warm site & sunny year to ripen fully
83
Which 2 Australian states have been affected by phylloxera?
New South Wales.
Victoria.
84
Which region is larger in both size and production: Barossa Valley or Napa Valley?
Napa Valley
85
What is the common style of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon?
Darker, firmer tannins with higher acidity than Shiraz.
Defined by elegance, soft tannins, red fruit, and a telltale note of eucalyptus
86
In which GI would you find the Para River?
Barossa Valley
87
Which 2 regions in Australia are best known for their dry Riesling production?
Clare Valley
Eden Valley
88
Give an example of 1 cool climate region and 1 warm region in Australia where Chardonnay is grown.
What is the impact that climate has on the fruit characteristics of these wines?
Cool Climate:
Mornington peninsula. Chardonnays here reflect the cool growing conditions by having citrus, pear and apple aromas and high acidities, usually softened with MLF.
Warm Climate:
Margaret River in Western Australia, wines display concentrated stone fruit aromas and retain high acidity; sometimes produced using barrel-aging and MLF to add complexity.
89
What are the 5 sub-regions of Great Southern GI?
- Mount Barker
- Frankland River
- Denmark
- Albany
- Porongurup
90
Which states are at least partially included in the Southeast Australia Multistate Zone?
- South Australia
- Victoria
- Tasmania
- New South Wales
- Queensland
91
How many hectares in Tasmania?
1500 ha but growing
92
What is the body of water that features Geelong to its west and Mornington Peninsula to its east?
Port Phillip Bay
93
List the 4 classifications of Rutherglen Muscat from lightest to fullest, and their general stylistic differences:
**Rutherglen Muscat:** the foundation of the style; fresh raisin aromas, rich fruit, clean. Average age 3 - 5 years. Residual sweetness 180 - 240 grams per litre.
**Classic:** greater level of richness and complexity, blending of selected parcels of wine, often matured in various sizes of oak cask to impart the distinctive dry ‘rancio’ characteristics. Average age 6 - 10 years. Residual sweetness 200 - 280 grams per litre.
**Grand Rutherglen:** new level of intensity, depth and concentration of flavour, mature rancio characteristics. Average age 11 - 19 years. Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.
**Rare Rutherglen:** the pinnacle Rutherglen muscats - fully developed, the very richest and most complete wines in the cellar, only bottled in tiny quantities each year. Minimum age 20+ years. Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.
94
Name 3 top producers from Coonawarra:
Penley Estate
Balnaves
Parker
Wynns
Riddoch
Katnook
Majella
95
Who produces and edits the annual Australian Wine Companion?
James Halliday
96
In which GI is the producer Henschke located?
What trend are they famous for?
What is their premier bottling?
Eden Valley
Phasing out fortified wines in favor of dry, table wines.
"Hill of Grace" Shiraz, made from vines dating back to 1860.
97
In which zone of South Australia would you find the Mount Benson GI?
Limestone Coast GI
98
Percentage of black grapes in Coonawarra?
90%
99
Which country imports the most Australian wine?
USA
100
What are the traditional and modern styles of Australian Shiraz, name regions of each:
**Warm/Hot** - opaque, dense, heavily extracted, dark fruit and chocolate notes. (Barossa/Hunter)
**Cool** - Leaner more peppery style (Geelong/Heathcote)
101
Which GI in northeastern Victoria, besides Rutherglen, specializes in fortified dessert wines?
Glenrowan GI
102
Top export markets for Australia by volume?
* Top export markets by volume:
* United Kingdom
* China
* USA
* Canada
* Germany
103
What famous Northern Rhône producer established a winery in Mount Benson?
Name one of their top Shiraz wines:
Michel Chapoutier
"Ergo Sum"
104
Besides Riverina, what is the main wine producing region in New South Wales?
Hunter Valley
105
Which state / larger GI is the Robe GI located in?
What grapes are mainly cultivated (3 red / 2 white)?
South Australia, located within the Limestone Coast GI.
Red Grapes: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
White Grapes: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
106
James Busby is regarded as the:
He was responsible for doing what?
James Busby
Brought the first grapewines from Spain and France to Australia in the 1820's.
107
What is Tasmania's top 3 planted grape varieties?
1. Pinot Noir
2. Chardonnay
3. Sauvignon Blanc
108
In which GI is the wine pictured produced?
What is the name of this wine and what variety is used?
McLaren Vale
Astralis Syrah
109
Which state is the Blackwood Valley GI located in?
Who is a key producer?
What grapes are mainly cultivated (2 red / 3 white)?
Western Australia.
Blackwood Crest.
Shiraz / Cabernet Sauvignon
Semillon / Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay
110
Where does the Brown Brothers winery make wine?
What grape are they responsible for engineering, and what is it similar to?
Victoria (King Valley) and Tasmania (Devils Corner, Tamar Ridge, Pirie).
Tarrango, a cross of Touriga Nacional and Sultana. Produces a wine very similar to Beaujolais; light-bodied, fruity and low in tannin.
111
what temp is Hunter Semillon typically fermented at?
A moderate temperature
112
Where is Tasmania, what's the climate like, what is it most renowned for producing and what does it taste like?
An island south of Victoria.
Australia's coolest grap-growing area. Maritime climate with cooling westerlies from Southern Ocean
Pinot Noir, Cab Sav
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris
113
Where is Eden Valley, what's the climate like and what white wine is it renowned for making and what does it taste like?
In the **hills** East of Barossa valley
Cool~moderate varying with altitude
Outstanding Riesling - Lime, grapefruit and steely
After 10 years in bottle can develop marmalade and toast
114
Match the Australian GI with its most famous style of wine:
Eden Valley
Yarra Valley
Barossa Valley
Hunter Valley
Margaret River
Coonawarra
Clare Valley
McLaren Vale
Eden Valley: Dry Riesling
Yarra Valley: Pinot Noir
Barossa Valley: Bold Shiraz
Hunter Valley: Dry Semillon
Margaret River: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Semillon/Sauvignon Blanc blends.
Coonawarra: Cabernet Sauvignon
Rutherglen: Muscat-based sweet wine.
Clare Valley: Dry Riesling
McLaren Vale: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
115
Mataro is an Australian synonym for which grape?
Mouvédre
116
Where are the Adelaide Hills, what's the climate like and what is it renowned for growing?
25km E of Adelaide
Cool to Moderate mediterranean, all vineyards above 400m.
Maritime influence means 280-320mm of rainfall during growing season
60% white varieties
Sauvignon Blanc (25% all plantings) and Chardonnay
plus Pinot Noir
117
Identify the grape used and region for the wine pictured below:
Riesling
Clare Valley
118
Who was the founder of the Australian Wine Bureau and author of the first Encyclopedia of Australian Wine?
Len Evans
119
Where is Coonawarra, what's the climate like, what grape is it most renowned for and what does it taste like?
Narrow strip 400km SE of Adelaide
Moderate Maritime cooled by current from the Antarctic and cloud cover.
Cabernet Sauvignon - Concentrated, structured, Cassis, Eucalyptus or menthol
120
Approximately how many wineries are currently producing wine in Australia?
Approximately 2,500 wineries are currently operating
121
What is the style of Australian Liqueur Muscat?
What varietal is used?
What is the most famous region for this wine?
What are some tasting notes for this wine?
Much like Tawny, it is aged in barrel for extended periods, which concentrates the power and richness of the wine. They are also released in bottle ready to drink and can be cellared, but will not improve at all.
Often referred to as Brown Muscat, it is made from the Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge, which means, “Muscat with little red berries” grape.
Muscats are produced in the warmer regions across Australia, but the most famous region is Rutherglen.
Sweet and luscious, Muscat is one of the richest and most powerful wines in the world with classic aromas and flavours of dried fruits, espresso coffee, tobacco leaf and chocolate.
122
What is it that allows vineyards in the state of Victoria produce high quality wines?
Some of the coolest vineyards in Australia, cooled by **ocean breezes**.
The **Great Dividing Range** provides aspects and altitude
123
In the state of Victoria what is generally grown
On the higher slopes?
On the lower slopes?
Higher - Elegant Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc
Lower - Shiraz and Cab Sav in fresher, lighter styles
124
Northern Tasmania's climate is similar to that of which 2 regions?
Champagne / Rheingau
125
Is chaptalization legal in Australia?
No
126
In which GI would you find the sub-region of Nagambie Lakes?
Name a top producer from there:
Goulburn Valley GI
Tahbilk
127
In which Australian region is the Wolf Blass winery located?
What is their logo?
Barossa Valley, South Australia
A Golden Eagle
128
Identify 2 red wines and 1 white wine produced in the Great Southern region:
Frankland Estate "Isolation Ridge Vineyard" Riesling, Frankland River.
Marchand & Burch "Gibraltar Rock" Pinot Noir, Porongurup.
La Violetta "La Ciorina" Shiraz, Denmark
129
In which GI is the producer Wendouree Cellars located?
What are the 3 main wines produced?
What is significant about the wines produced?
Clare Valley GI, Southern Australia
Shiraz / Shiraz-Malbec / Cabernet-Malbec
Extremely hard to obtain, cult status, virtually only available to those on the long-time waiting list.
130
Name 5 wine regions in Victoria centered around the city of Melbourne:
Yarra valley
Mornington Peninsula
Geelong
Sunbury
Gippsland
131
Yarra Valley Pinot Noir, describe the winemaking and the wines made
**Pinot Noir**
* 1/2 of all black grape plantings
* Light to medium style
* Lighter wines come from cooler, higher vineyards;
* Whole bunch ferment used increasingly to enhance perfumed fruity aromas
* Strawberry, red cherry, plum characters
* Medium bodied wines
* warmer sites
* riper fruit character
* Mix of old & new oak in maturation bigger barrels (500L); some foudres (over barriques)
* Good to outstanding quality; mid to premium pricing
132
What is the style of the better Australian Sauvignon Blancs and what are the best sites?
Concentrated Passion Fruit with hi acidity
Moderate temp regions (Adelaide Hills)
133
What alternative names are used for Hunter Valley Semillon?
"Hunter Riesling"
"Hunter Chablis"
"White Burgundy"
134
What grape variety is used to produce Australian Topaque?
What type of wine is this?
What was this wine formerly known as?
- Muscadelle
- Sweet, fortified wine.
- "Tokay"
135
In which GI is the producer Jim Barry located?
What is their premier bottling?
What is significant about this producer?
Clare Valley GI, Southern Australia
"The Armagh" Shiraz.
Considered a benchmark for the Clare Valley region, wines produced by Jim Barry are often held back from release until deemed fit for consumption.
136
Name the 3 major regions (and their states) for high-volume production in the South Eastern Australia 'Super Zone'
Riverland / S.Australia
Murray-Darling / Victoria and NSW
Riverina / NSW
137
Grapes destined for high-volume brands like Yellow Tail and Jacob's Creek are most likely to come from what GIs and be labelled under what GI?
From Riverland (SA), Murray-Darling (VIC/NSW) and Riverina (NSW)
South East Australia GI
138
What body of water is directly west of McLaren Vale GI?
Gulf of St. Vincent
139
Clare Valley Riesling is the region's premier white varietal - describe how it is made and tastes
Sub regions?
**Riesling**
* 25% of plantings
* Intense sunlight at low latitude, sunburn an issue
* Canopies allowed to be thick and shade providing on western side to protect vines from afternoon sun
* Fermented dry; medium alcohol; lime aromas
* Higher acidity than Eden Valley
* Riesling highlights diff soils found
* Slate soils of Polish hills
* Low in fertility, gives less aromatic flintier style; neutral in youth & develops honey & toasty notes with long bottle ageing
* Limestone soils of Watervale
* more fertile; more aromatic, floral style drunk young
* Good to Outstanding in quality and Mid to Premium priced
140
What are the most and second-most prominent wine regions in Western Australia?
#1 Margaret River
#2 Great Southern
141
The Central Ranges zone in NSW has three key regions, name them and give some details on zone
**_CENTRAL RANGES ZONE_**
* Split into 3 regions: From N to S
* **Mudgee: Orange: Cowra**- Along western, inland side of the Great Dividing Ranges
* Long history of wine production
* Orange has grown recently and built reputation for high quality producers
* But Cowra and Mudgee have shrunk in that same time
142
Sustainable Winegrowing Australia
* Sustainable Winegrowing Australia
* own sustainable programme:
* improving quality & minimize environmental impact
* Feature of SWA is sustainable water use
* many rely on irrigation- now sourced almost entirely from sustainable resources such as Dams and
* recycled waste water from Adelaide
143
Describe the Canberra district and wines made there
**Canberra District:**
* Planted between 500-850mRL
* Continental & high Altitude results in large Diurnal range - warm summers with cool nights
* Altitude means Intense sunshine=helps ripening
* Spring cold, frost an issue so site selection essential
* Dry summers - irrigation necessary
* Autumn rains can be challenging for some seasons
* Black varieties most planted with Shiraz the most planted
* Delicate, floral Rieslings and elegant peppery Shiraz as well as opulent Pinot noir.
* **SHIRAZ:**
* Most planted black grape
* Warm temps; Intense sunlight;
* Wide diurnal range contribute to deep colour ;Ripe Black Cherry flavours
* High Tannins; High Acidity
* Shiraz Viognier blends common
* Good to Outstanding quality, mid to premium priced
**RIESLING:**
* Most important white varietal
* Dry, High Acidity; Delicate Floral & Citrus character
* Very good to outstanding in quality
* **Key producers - CLONAKILLA & RAVENSWORTH**
144
What are viticultural conditions for Tasmania and what are hazards during the growing season?
* **Viticulture**
* Regions of:
* Coal River Valley close to Hobart (South)
* Tamar Valley & Piper’s River Close to Launceston (North)
* Freycinet on the east coast is close to nothing
* These Easterly regions sheltered by mountains from westerly winds and rain
* They are drier than expected but still, particularly in the Tamar have reasonable levels of humidity and disease pressure
* Risks of wind, rain, frost, drought & pests windbreaks, Drip irrigation, Netting, Leaf removal
* Same levels of Plantings for Black & White
