Australia Flashcards
What are the regions of the North West Victoria zone?
-Murray Darling -Swan Hill
What are the unofficial subregions of Clare Valley? What soils characterize both?
-Watervale and Polish Hill River-Limestone and Broken slate
In 2008, 14 winemakers accounted for what percentage of the production in Australia?
70.00%
What grape flourishes in Pipers River? Where is it located?
-Pinot Noir-Tasmania
Who makes the “Noble One”? What is it?
De Bortoli - a botrytis Semillon dessert wine
South Australia produces what percentage of the nation’s wine?
Over 50%
What are the subregins of Hunter?
-Broke Fordwich-Pokolbin-Upper Hunter Valley
Who created Penfold’s “Grange”? When? What vineyard is it sourced from?
-Max Schubert in 1951 as “Grange Hermitage”-Unlike most luxury wines it is generally blended from many vineyards across several regions
What are the 8 zones of South Australia?
-Adelaide Superzone-Barossa-Far North-Fleurieu-Limestone Coast-Lower Murray-Mount Lofty Ranges-The Peninsulas
Where are Majella and Parker’s Estate located?
Coonawarra
Name 3 producers from the Eden Valley GI.
-Yalumba-Pewsey Vale-Henschke
What are the regions of the Port Phillip zone (Victoria)?
-Geelong-Macedon Ranges-Mornington Peninsula-Sunbury-Yarra Valley
Where are Rutherglen and Glenrowan located? What are they famous for?
North East Victoria zoneThey are famous for sweet, foritified “tokay” from Muscadelle grapes
What is “Vat 1”? Who makes it?
-One of the top Hunter Valley Semillons that may age for over two decades-Tyrrell
When was the Commonwealth of Australia created? Why is it important?
-1901-Brought relaxed interstate trade barriers
When were these terms phased out by agreement with the EU: Madeira? Port? Tokay?
-Madeira - 1994-Port - 2011-Tokay by September 2020, will be replaced by “Topaque”
What is the hottest region in Australia?
Swan Valley GI (Greater Perth zone)
What are the unofficial subregions of Tasmania?
Nothern Tasmania-Pipers River-Tamar Valley-North West CoastSouthern Tasmania-Dewent Valley-Huon Valley-Coal River/Richmond-The East Coast (Cranbrook/Bicheno area)
What are the regions of the Central Ranges zone GI (NSW)?
-Cowra-Mudgee-Orange
What regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?
Murray Darling and Swan Hill
What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?
-Blackwood Valley-Geographe-Great Southern-Manjimup-Margaret River-Pemberton
s chaptalization allowed in Australia?
No, ripening is not an issue
What is the Muscat of Rutherglen Network?
-A producer syndicate est in 1995-Developed a voluntary four-tier classification system-Based on age, sweetness, and complexity+Ages and sugars are indicative of a classification, but not absolute-Producers are responsible for classifying their own wines, based on taste alone-Members’ wines are denoted by the stylized “R” logo on the label
What are the two distinct soil types of the Yarra Valley?
Grey-brown sandy clay and red volcanic
Who owns both Penfold’s and Lindemands? When were both wineries started?
-Treasury Wine Estates-During the colonization of Australia in the 1850s
What 3 red grapes are matched with the variety of sites in the Yarra Valley?
-Pinot Noir-Cab Sauv - elegant style-Shiraz - often co-fermented with Viognier
The Mount Lofty Ranges zone surrounds what zone on 3 sides?
Barossa
What region claims the oldest Verdelho vines in Australia?
Broke Fordwich - a subregion of Hunter
What states are contained in the South Eastern Australia zone?
All of Victoria, Tasmania, and NSW and a portion of Queensland and South Australia
If a wine is simply labeled “Australia” what may not be listed if the wines are being exported to the EU?
No vintage or varietal
What GI also contains “Terra Rossa” soil besides Coonawarra?
Padthaway GI also located in the Limestone Coast
What wine was Napoleon III sipping during the 1855 closing ceremony of the Paris Exhibition?
Hunter Valley sparkling wine
What are the requirements for regions and subregions?
-Must be a single tract tract of land-Comprised at least 5 independently owned vineyards of at least 5ha a piece-With a min output of 500 tons annually
What are the sub-regions of the Adelaide Hills GI?
Picadilly Valley and Lenswood
Who makes the “Octavius” Shiraz? “Astralis” Shiraz? “RunRig” Shiraz? “First Growth”?
-Yalumba “Octavius”-Clarendon Hills “Astralis”-Torbreck “RunRig”-Parker’s Estate “First Growth”
The Canberra District is spli between what states? Who controls most of the region?
-NSW and Australian Capital Territory-Hardy’s - Australia’s Second largest wine company
What are the 6 regions of the Limestone Coast zone (South Australia)?
-Coonawarra-Mount Benson-Padthaway-Robe-Wrattonbully-Mount Gambier
What is the sole region of the Lower Murray zone?
Riverland Region GI
What 3 grapes are commonly grown in the Mornington Peninsula GI?
Pinot Noir, Chard, and Pinot Gris(It is too cool for Cab)
What are the regions of the Southern New South Wales zone GI?
-Canberra District-Tumbarumba-Hilltops-Gundagai
What GI of Australia offer’s the most classic and ageworthy Riesling?
Clare Valley (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia)
What zone is the McLaren Vale GI in? What grapes is it predominantly known for?
-Fleurieu zone-Cab, Shiraz, Grenache, Mourvedre (Mataro)
Name 4 iconic producers in the Barossa Valley GI.
-Penfold’s “Grange” usually a substantial portion of fruit is from here-Torbreck-Peter Lehmann-Rockford
What are the regions of the Barossa zone GI (South Australia)?
-Barossa Valley-Eden Valley
What are the regions of Big River zone GI (NSW)?
-Murray Darling-Perricoota-Riverina-Swan Hill
What are the McLaren Vale’s 3 best-known wines?
-D’Arenberg’s “Dead Arm”-Drew Noon’s Grenache-based “Eclipse”-Clarendon Hill’s “Astralis”
How big are traditional American oak hogsheads used for Barossa Shiraz?
300 L
What are the zones of Victoria?
-Central Victoria-Gippsland-North East Victoria-North West Victoria-Port Phillip-Western Victoria
What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?
Yarra Valley GI
Where can Cabernet Sauvignon be successful on Tasmania?
Tamar Valley and Coal River
Where is the Tumbarumba GI? What is produced there? What climate?
-Southern New South Wales zone-Alpine cool climate-Sparkling from Chard & Pinot Noir
What was Wine Australia formerly known as? When was it established?
-Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation (AWBC)-1981
What is the sole GI of Tasmania?
Tasmania GI
Who makes the “Hill of Grace” Shiraz? What was its precursor?
-Henschke-“Mount Edelstone” Shiraz
What are the regions of the Central Victoria zone?
-Bendigo-Goulburn Valley-Heathcote-Strathbogie Ranges-Upper Goulburn
What is the subregion of Eden Valley GI? What famous producer is here?
-High Eden GI-Mountadam: the first commercial producer of Chard in South Australia
What are the regions of North East Victoria zone?
-Alpine Valley-Beechworth-Glenrowan-King Valley-Rutherglen
What does Wine Australia do?
A government authority that oversees the wine industry:-Regulating labeling language-Defining geographical boundaries of regions-Moderating exports and trade-Promotes at home and abroad
When was Australian Domaine Chandon started?
1987
What are the two regions of Queensland? When do they date to? What unofficial region seems poised to be the state’s third?
-Granite Belt (1965)-South Burnett (1993)-Darling Downs
What zone contains Australia’s newest GI as of 2009?
-New England Australia-Northern Slopes zone-Located on the border of Queensland
What is Hunter Riesling?
A synonym for Semillon
What is the Label Integrity Program?
-Introduced for the 1990 vintage-Required 85% min for stated variety, vintage, and region-Blends prior to 2010 it required all grapes, years and/or regions, in descending order of importance-Now: all vintages must appear; only those varieties comprising a min 85% must be listed on the label, provided none listed is in a lesser proportion than an unnamed one
What are the zones of NSW?
-Big Rivers-Central Ranges-Hunter Valley-Northern Rivers-Northern Slopes-South Coast-Southern New South Wales-Western Plains
Where are Australia’s best sparkling efforts produced?
Tasmania - in 2012 it accounted for 44% of the production
What is Australia replacing “tokay” with to comply with EU law?
Topaque
Where is Tahbilk Winery located? Why are they important?
Nagambie Lakes - a subregion of the Goulburn Valley (Victoria)-Wasn’t affected by phylloxera-Produces Shiraz from 1860 vines-Also boasts the oldest Marsanne, possibly in the world
Name 3 major producers of Margaret River.
-Leeuwin-Cape Mentelle-Cullen
What are the 5 sub-regions of Great Southern GI (SW Australia zone)?
-Albany-Denmark-Frankland River-Mount Barker-Porongurup
What are the classifications for Rutherglen Muscat, with suggested aged and residual sugar?
Muscat (5yrs) - 180-240g/l of RSClassic Muscat (10yrs) - 200-280g/l of RSGrand Muscat (15yrs) - 270-400g/l of RSRare Muscat (20+yrs) 270-400g/l of RS*More mature wines may display a rancio character
What are the regions of the Mount Lofty Ranges zone (South Australia)?
-Adelaide Hills-Adelaide Plains-Clare Valley
What are the regions of Western Victoria zone?
-Grampians-Henty-Pyrenees
What are the regions of the Greater Perth zone?
-Peel -Perth Hills-Swan District
What is Barossa Valley’s cooler counterpart? Name 5 successful grapes grown here.
-Eden Valley GI-Riesling, Chard, Viognier, Shiraz, and Cab Sauv
Where is Grosset located? What are they considered the masters of?
-Clare Valley-Riesling
What is the sole region of the Northern Rivers zone GI (NSW)?
Hastings River
What are the regions of the South Coast zone (NSW)?
-Shoalhaven Coast-Southern Highlands
Where is the Great Western GI located?
Grampians (Western Victoria)
What is Western Australia’s most acclaimed region? What is it known for?
Margaret River GI-Chard, Semillon, SB (blended w/Semillon)-Cab Sauv (Bordeaux-blends)
What is the Murrumbidgee Irrigation area?
A heavily irrigated region that is also known as Riverina
The Adelaide GI (superzone) allows producers to blend from what zones?
Barossa, Fleurieu, and Mount Lofty Ranges
What is NSW most important GI?
Hunter GI
Where were the first vineyards planted in Australia? When?
New South Wales in 1788
What grapes are grown in Adelaide Hills GI cool-climate?
SB, Chard, and Pinot Noir
What are the 5 zones of Western Australia?
-Central Western Australia zone-Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia zone-Greater Perth zone-South West Australia zone-West Australian South East Coastal zone
Where was the birth of the modern day Western Australian wine industry in the 1960s?
-Mount Barker-Today it excels with cool-climate Riesling, Shiraz and Cab Sauv
What is the mean annual temp of Margaret River?
-45.7ºF - cooler than Bordeaux-But the rainfall is much less frequent than in Bordeaux
What counterintuitive pruning technique was developed at CSIRO?
-Minimal (zero) pruning-Actually restricts vigor, for Australia’s low cost vineyards
Who owns Penfolds & Lindemans?
Treasury Estates
What was the most important wine region in Australia in the 1800s?
Victoria
Name two early factors that influenced how the Australian wine industry developed into what it is today?
Economic recession and trade barriers –> created a dichotomy b/t large, export focused producers and small, localized ones. Phylloxera –> confined to Victoria & NSW, allowing South Australia to emerge as the top region.
Where would you find the Murray River?
Border b/t Victoria & New South Wales
Where would you find the Darling River?
New South Wales
Where would you find the Murrumbidgee River?
New South Wales
Name three rivers in New South Wales?
Murrumbidgee, Murray, and Darling
Where was sweet, fortified wine production centered, around the turn of the century, in Australia?
The irrigated plots of New South Wales
What countries are the top four exporters by volume?
Italy, France, Spain, Australia
What are the four tenants of Aussie commercial winemaking?
Technical proficiency, mechanical harvesting, blending, irrigation.
Is chaptalization or acidification allowed in Australia?
Chaptalization – no. Acidification – yes.
Where is the center for scientific wine research in Australia? Name three institutions based there?
Adelaide; Australian Wine Research Institute, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization; University of Adelaide.
Who makes St. Henri? What is it and what was the first vintage?
Penfolds; Shiraz driven with a small amount of Cab, blended over several regions. Matured in old 1460 L vats for 13 months. First vintage, 1957
What does Australia’s “Wine Integrity Program” entail?
- 85% grape/region/year- if multiple grapes are listed, must be listed by proportion in the blend- 85% of the wine must be listed as varietals- no listed varietal may be in lesser proportion than an unlisted one
Put in descending order, from smallest to largest: Region, Zone, Sub-Region, State
State, Zone, Region, Sub-Region
What constitutes a region or sub-region in Australia?
It must be a single tract of land with at least 5 independently owned wineries of at least 5 ha each with a minimum output of 50 tons of wine grapes annually.
If a wine is labeled no more specifically than “Australia” and is going to be exported to the EU, what may not be on the label?
Vintage or varietal
What is the multi-state zone of South East Australia comprised of?
Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, and parts of South Australia and Queensland
When was the GI committee set up in Australia?
1993
What are some “traditional expressions” of Australian wine that are being phased out?
“Madeira” (discont. 1994), “Port” (discont. 2011), “Tokay” (discont. by 2020), “Sherry” and “Champagne”
What is the most populous state of Australia?
New South Wales
What states of Australia would you find the Great Dividing Range in?
New South Wales and Victoria
What is another name for Riverina?
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
What state is Riverina located in, and what is it known for?
New South Wales; Inland area of mass production. De Bortoli & Yellow Tail source a lot from here.
The Hunter Region is sandwiched between the coast and what mountain range?
Brokenback Mountains
Name two mountain ranges of New South Wales?
Great Dividing Range & Brokenback Mountains.
What is the climate of Hunter GI? What state/zone is it in?
Sub-tropical – one of the warmest climates in Australia, mitigated by humidity, rain and wind. Hunter GI is in the Hunter Valley Zone of New South Wales.
What is the most planted grape in Hunter? What grape is the region best known for?
Chardonnay; Semillon
What is Hunter Riesling?
Semillon
What sub-region of Hunter has the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia? On what soil?
Broke Fordwich; sandy, alluvial soil
What are the three sub-regions of Hunter GI?
Broke Fordwich, Pokolbin and Upper Hunter Valley
What GI is split b/t New South Wales & Australian Capitol Territory? What company controls most of the land there?
Canberra District; Hardy’s
What zone/state is the Canberra District GI in?
Southern New South Wales; New South Wales
What GI can the Snowy Mountains be found in? What zone/state is it in?
Tumbarumba GI; Southern New South Wales, New South Wales
What climate does the Tumbarumba GI have, and what wines does it allow to be made?
Alpine, cool climate. Sparkling wines from PN & Chard.
What is the newest GI of Australia? What zone/state is it in?
New England Australia, Nothern Slopes, New South Wales
What are the seven states of Australia? (counter-clockwise, starting in the west)
Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory
What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?
Big Rivers, Central Ranges, Hunter Valley, Northern Rivers, Northern Slopes, South Coast, Southern NSW, Western Plains
What two GIs are shared between New South Wales and Victoria?
Murray Darling and Swan Hill
What are the 4 GIs of Big Rivers zone? What state are we in?
In New South Wales: Murray Darling, Perricoota, Riverina, Swan Hill
What are the 3 GIs of the Central Ranges zone? What state are we in?
New South Wales: Cowra, Mudgee, Orange
What is the GI of Northern Rivers zone? What state?
New South Wales: Hastings River
What are the two GIs of South Coast zone? What state?
New South Wales: Shoalhaven Coast, Southern Highlands
What zone of New South Wales has no regions or sub-regions within it?
Western Plains
What are the GIs of the Southern New South Wales zone? What state?
New South Wales: Canberra District, Tumbarumba, Hilltops, Gundagai
Where exactly is Tahbilk estate located? What wine are they known for?
Tahbilk is in the Ngambie Lakes sub-region of the Goulburn Valley region of Central Victoria. Tahbilk makes their “1927 Marsanne,” which has the oldest Marsanne vines in Australia, possibly the world.
What is the only region in Australia where the climate is dramatically affected by an inland water mass? What zone/state is it in?
Ngambie Lakes, Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria. The lake moderates and cools.
Who makes Yarrabank Late Disgorged Cuvee? What is it and where is it from?
Yering Station, Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria. Chard & PN, 8 yrs on lees, method champenoise.
Who makes Agincourt? What was it called previously? What is it and where is it from?
Yarra Yering, Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria. Previously called “New Vineyard Dry Red Wine No. 1.” Cab & Merlot.
Who makes Dry Red Wines No. 1, 2, and 3? Where from? What are the wines?
Yarra Yering, Yarra Valley, Port Philip, Victoria. 1 - Cab, Merlot, Malbec, PV. 2 - Shiraz w/ Marsanne & Viognier. 3 - Portuguese grapes – Touriga Nacional, Tinta Cao, Tinta Amarela, Avarelhao, Roriz, and Sousao.
What is the smallest and coolest state on the Australian mainland?
Victoria
What zone surrounds the city of Melbourne? What state is it in?
Port Phillip zone; Victoria
What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?
Yarra Valley
What region of Australia did Domaine Chandon start making wine in and in what year?
Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria; 1987
What are the two distinct soil types of the Yarra Valley?
Grey-brown sandy clay & red volcanic soils
What are the inland zones of Victoria? What is the climate?
NE Victoria, NW Victoria & Central Victoria; Continental Climate
What term is replacing “Tokay” in Australia? By what year? What grape is used here?
Topaque, by 2020; Muscadelle
What regions of NE Victoria zone are famous for sweet, fortified wine?
Rutherglen & Glenrowan
Where might you find a stylized “R” on the label of a bottle of wine? What does it denote?
“R” signifies a member of the Muscat of Rutherglen Network, a voluntary 4-tier classification system based on age, sweetness, and complexity.
State the average age and residual sugar for each classification of Rutherglen Muscat: Muscat, Classic Muscat, Grand Muscat, Rare Muscat.
Muscat: 5 yrs, 180-240 g/LClassic: 10 yrs, 200-280 g/LGrand: 15 yrs, 270-400 g/LRare: 20+ yrs, 270-400 g/L
Who makes Potsorts? What is it and where from?
Yarra Yering, Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria. Same grapes as Red Wine No. 3 (Portuguese grapes), but fortified
Who makes Underhill Shiraz? Where from?
Yarra Yering, Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria. 100% Shiraz from a 1974 single block.
Who makes the Carrodus wines? What are they?
Yarra Yering, Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria. Single block of old vines. They do a Cab/Merlot, Merlot, and Viognier. Very pricey!
What are the six zones of Victoria?
Port Phillip, Gippsland, NE Victoria, NW Victoria, Central Victoria, Western Victoria
Name the 5 regions of the Central Victoria zone?
Bendigo, Goulburn Valley, Heathcote, Strathbogie Ranges, Upper Goulburn
What is the only sub-region of Central Victoria? What region is it in?
Nagambie Lakes, Goulburn Valley
What are the 5 GIs of NE Victoria?
Alpine Valleys, Beechworth, Glenrowan, King Valley, Rutherglen
What are the GIs of NW Victoria?
Murray Darling & Swan Hill
What are the GIs of Port Phillip? What state is it in?
Victoria: Geelong, Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, Sunbury, Yarra Valley
What are the GIs of Western Victoria?
Grampians, Henty, Pyrenees (Grampians has a sub-region, Great Western).
What is the one zone of Victoria that has no regions of sub-regions? Name one producer there.
Gippsland; Bass Phillip
Who makes “The Malleea” and “The Musician” – where from?
Majella, Coonawarra, Limestone Coast, South Australia. Cab/Shiraz blends.
Who makes “First Growth”? From where and what is it? What was the first vintage?
Parker Estate, Coonawara, Limestone Coast, S. Australia. “Terra Rossa First Growth” – Cab/Merlot.
Name three wineries based in McLaren Vale?
D’Arenberg, Drew Noon & Claredon Hills
Who makes “Eclipse”? What is it and where from?
Drew Noon, McLaren Vale. Grenache, Shiraz, Graciano & Cab
Who makes “Astralis”? What/where?
Claredon Hills (winemaker: Roman Bratasiuk); 1920s vineyards, 18 months 100% new French oak, 100% Syrah.
What region of Australia is thought to produce the country’s best Cabernet Sauvignon?
Coonawara, Limestone Coast, S. Australia
What region of Australia is known for its Terra Rossa soil?
Coonawara, Limestone Coast, S. Australia
Name the main region for bulk wine in South Australia & what zone it is in?
Riverland GI, in the Lower Murray zone.
What lake tempers the climate of the Fleurieu zone of S. Australia?
Lake Alexandria
What three zones compactly fit between the coast and the Lower Murray Zone of S. Australia?
Fleurieu, Mt. Lofty Ranges, and Barossa
What is the Southernmost region in the Mt. Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide Hills GI
What makes Clare Valley a good place to grow Riesling?
Even though it is a warmer, continental climate, the high altitude west-facing slopes allow preservation of aromatics and acidity.
What unofficial sub-regions of Clare Valley are known for Riesling?
Polish Hill & Watervale
What GIs are there on Tasmania? What unofficial sub-regions exist? What grapes are they known for?
Just Tasmania GI, but with unofficial subs: Pipers River, Tamar Valley, Coal River
What is the difference between the Adelaide Hills GI, Adelaide Plains GI, and Adelaide GI?
Adelaide Hills and Adelaide Plains are GIs within the Mount Lofty Ranges zone. Adelaide GI is a superzone for Barossa, Fleurieu, and Mt. Lofty Ranges.
What mountain range does Polish Hill like at the base of? What is the soil type?
Mt. Horrocks – Hard rocks with shale and clay marl over slate –> vines struggle.
Who is known for Polish Hill Riesling? What region/zone/state? What was their first vintage?
Grosset; Clare Valley/Mt. Lofty Ranges/South Australia. 1980
Who is the most famous Riesling producer in Eden Valley? What is their highest cuvee called?
Pewsey Vale; The Contours.
What is the climactic difference between Barossa Valley & Eden Valley?
Eden Valley is higher altitude, cooler, longer ripening period.
What winery was founded by David Powell in 1994? Where? What are some of their top cuvees?
Torbreck, Barossa Valley, Barossa Zone, S. Australia. “The Laird” & “Run Rig” – both Shiraz.
Who makes Stonewall Shiraz? Where from?
Peter Lehmann, Barossa Valley
What is traditional Western Barossa soil?
Brown loam over red clay over limestone.
What mountain range is the Barossa zone surrounded by on 3 sides?
Mt. Lofty Ranges
What two oceans cradle South Australia?
Indian on the West, Southern Ocean on the South
What is Australia’s coolest producing area?
Tasmania
What are the 2 GIs of Queensland? What region is aimed at becoming the third?
Granite Belt & South Burnett; Darling Down
Who makes “Vat 1” and what is it?
Tyrell, Semillon from Hunter GI, New South Wales
Where does Clonakilla make wine?
Canberra GI, Southern NSW zone, NSW, Australia
Where is the Graveyard Vineyard? Who makes wine from there?
Hunter Valley; Brokenwood makes Shiraz
Who planted the first vines in the Hunter Valley region of NSW?
Lindemans
What is the name of the organization that maintains oversight of the Australian Wine Industry? What were they originally called and in what year did it change?
Wine Australia, estab. 1981. Originally called the Australian Wine & Brandy Corporation.
Where does the term “flying winemakers” originate? Name a few.
Australia – Aussie winemakers who would travel to the Northern Hemisphere to work harvest up there.
Name the 8 zones of S. Australia?
Adelaide Super Zone, Barossa, Far North, Fleurieu, Limestone Coast, Lower Murray, Mt. Lofty Ranges, The Peninsulas
What island lies off the coast of South Australia?
Kangaroo Island.
What are the four regions on the South Island of New Zealand?
Nelson, Canterbury, Central Otago, Marlborough
What are the 6 regions of the North Island of New Zealand?
Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Wairarapa, Hawkes Bay, Gisborne
Martinborough is a sub-region of what region?
Wairarapa
Name the 8 zones of South Australia.
Limestone Coast, Fleurieu, Barossa, Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide Super Zone, Far North, Lower Murray, The Peninsulas
What are the regions and sub-regions of the Southwest Australia zone? What state are we in?
State: Western AustraliaBlackwood Valley, Geographe, Great Southern (subs: Albany, Denmark, Frankland River, Mount Barker, Porongurup), Manjimup, Margaret River, Pemberton
What are the regions & sub-regions of Greater Perth? What state are we in?
State: Western AustraliaPeel, Perth Hills, Swan District (Swan Valley sub)
What grapes thrive in the Margaret River GI?
Chard, Semillon & SB for whites.Cab & Bordeaux grapes for reds.
What is the hottest appellation in all Australia? What zone/state is it located in?
Swan Valley GI, Greater Perth, Western Australia
What are the 3 zones of Western Australia that have little viticulture? Where are they located?
1) Central Western Australia2) Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia zone3) Western Australian South East coastal zoneAll located inland and on the southern coast
What island lies off the coast of South Australia, and what zone is it a part of?
Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu
What are the regions and sub-regions of the Barossa zone?
Barossa Valley & Eden Valley (High Eden sub)
What region is part of the Far North zone? In what state?
State: South AustraliaSouthern Flinders Ranges
Name the 5 GIs of Fleurieu? What state are we in?
State: South AustraliaGIs: Kangaroo Island, Currency Creek, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Southern Fleurieu
Name the GIs of the Limestone Coast. What state is this zone in?
State: South AustraliaGIs: Coonawara, Mt. Benson, Padthaway, Robe, Wrattonbully, Mount Gambier
What are the regions and sub-regions of Mt. Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide Hills (subs Lenswood and Picadilly Valley), Adelaide Plains, Clare Valley
What zone(s) of S. Australia has/have no region or sub-regions?
Just The Peninsulas
What is the largest Australian state in terms of total acreage?
Western Australia
Where is most of the viticulture of Western Australia centered?
The Southwest Australia and Greater Perth zones
Where is Padthaway?
Limestone Coast, South Australia
Where is Polish Hill River and what grape is grown there?
Clare Valley, Mt. Lofty Ranges, South Australia; Riesling
Which states are part of the multi-state zone South East Australia?
Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, and parts of South Australia and Queensland
Name 3 GIs in the state of Victoria.
Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Heathcote, Rutherglen, Murray Darling, Swan Hill, etc.
Name the 5 GIs of Port Phillip. What state is Port Phillip in?
State: VictoriaYarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Geelong, Macedon Ranges, Sunbury
Name the 8 zones of New South Wales.
Hunter Valley, Central Ranges, Big Rivers, Northern Slopes, Northern Rivers, Southern New South Wales, South Coast, Western Plains
What is the name of Penfolds’ estate vineyard?
Magill
What name was Penfolds Grange first released under?
Grange Hermitage
What is Penfolds “contemporary winemaking approach” and what wines exemplify it? What are their “non-contemporary” counterparts?
Contemporary = singe region & French oak (vs. blending and American)Bin 169 - all Coonawara Cab, 100% new F.O. hogsheads (vs. Bin 107)RWT - “Red Winemaking Trial,” Barossa Shriaz, 60% new F.O., first vintage 1997 (vs. Grange)
Where were the first vines in Australia planted?
New South Wales
Who is the winemaker responsible for creating Penfolds Grange and in what year?
Max Schubert, 1951
What estate is associated with the phrase, “1844 to Evermore”?
Penfolds
Who makes Bin 707? What was the first commercial vintage and what is it?
Penfolds; 1964; 100% Cab
Who makes Yattarna? What does it mean and what is it? When was the first vintage?
Penfolds; “little by little.” Bin 144 represents the 144 trials in development; Chardonnay with 40% new French barrique; 1964
What is the only zone of Western Australia that does not touch the coast?
Central Western Australia
What state of Australia was hardest hit by phylloxera?
Victoria
In what year was the Federation created that unified S. Australia, NSW, Victoria, Queensland, W. Australia and Tasmania as a separate commonwealth? What was the effect?
1901; the end of interstate trade barriers – S. Australia was able to sell to the more populous markets of Victoria and New South Wales.
What is the “Vine Pull Scheme”?
In 1987, in response to overproduction and low prices, the Australian government compensated growers who pulled up vines or left land unplanted. Particularly affected Barossa.
What is the first vintage of Penfolds Grange?
1951
What was Max Schubert’s tenure as the winemaker at Penfolds?
1948-1975
What was the first luxury/icon single-vineyard wine in Australia?
Henschke Hill of Grace, 1958
What is Australia’s leading wine auction house and when did they first release a classification?
Langton’s; 1990
What years of the 21st century were worst for drought in Australia?
2003, 2006-09
What three states account for approximately 95% of Australia’s production?
SA, NSW, Victoria
What is the replacement name for wines formerly labeled as “Sherry” in Australia?
Apera
What was the impetus for the creation of the multi-state zone South Eastern Australia?
The EU requires the listing of a region smaller than “Australia” to be on varietally labeled bottles that are exported there.
What market has been the impetus for Australia retaining some use of cork closures?
China
How did South Australia avoid phylloxera?
A ban on imported vine material in 1814
What river dissects the regions most known for mass-produced wine in Australia?
The Murray River, both Riverland in SA and Riverina in NSW
What GIs does the Gulf of St. Vincent touch?
Adelaide Plains, McLaren Vale, Southern Fleurieu, Kangaroo Island
Where is the actual Jacob’s Creek? Who owns the Jacob’s Creek brand?
There is an actual Jacob’s Creek in Barossa. Jacob’s Creek brand is owned by Orlando Wines.
What was the first commercial winery in Barossa?
Orlando Wines; 1847
What zone in Australia has over 100 ha of vines that are a century old?
Barossa, S. Australia
Where are the world’s oldest Syrah vines?
Langmeil’s Freedom Vineyard in the Barossa Valley, planted in 1843
Where are Australia’s oldest Cabernet vines?
Penfold’s “Block 42” in Kalima in northern Barossa
What is the Barossa Old Vine Charter? What are the four designations?
Self-regulated classification of vineyards in Barossa that may be used as a labeling designation:1. Old Vines (> 35 yrs.)2. Survivor Vines (> 70 yrs.)3. Centenarian Vines (>100 yrs.)4. Ancestor Vines (>125 yrs.)
What zone is furthest south in South Australia?
Limestone Coast
What body of water does Langhorne Creek lie on?
Lake Alexandria
E to W: Barossa Valley, Riverland, Eden Valley, Adelaide Plains
Riverland, Eden Valley, Barossa Valley, Adelaide Plains
N to S: Adelaide Hills, Clare Valley, Adelaide Plains
Clare Valley, Adelaide Plains, Adelaide Hills
What is the furthest inland GI of Fleurieu?
Langhorne Creek
What are the coastal GIs of the Limestone Coast and what are the inland?
Coastal (N to S): Mount Benson, RobeInland (N to S): Padthaway, Wrattonbully, Coonawara, Mount Gambier
What is the largest fine wine region in Australia? What does it come after in terms of all wine regions?
Barossa GI; after Riverland, Riverina, and Murray Darling in overall production
Where is Seppeltsfield “100 Year Old Para Liqueur” made?
Barossa GI
What winery popularized the style of Sparkling Shiraz?
Great Western in Victoria
Name three producers of Sparkling Shiraz.
Rockford, Peter Rumball, Great Western
What is the most successful white grape in Barossa GI and name two producers.
Semillon (much more successful than Chardonnay); Torbreck “Woodcutters” and Peter Lehman “Margaret”
What are the soils of Eden Valley?
Red clay and granite
What rivers intersect Barossa?
North Para, South Para, Jacob’s Creek
Name three single vineyards in the Barossa zone.
Hill of Grace, Penfolds’ Block 42, Cirillo 1850 Grenache, Elderton Command Shiraz Vineyard, Yalumba Tricentenary Grenache, Langmeil Freedom Shiraz
What geographic features bind McLaren Vale on the east and the west?
Mount Lofty Ranges on the east; Gulf of St. Vincent on the west
What GI of South Australia has the most wineries practicing bio-D and organics and why?
McLaren Vale – No fungal problems in the windy, warm, dry climate.
What are the following regions on the Winkler Scale:- Barossa Valley- McLaren Vale- Clare Valley- Coonawara- Hunter- Yarra Valley- Rutherglen- Margaret River
NAME?
What is the coolest and northernmost area of McLaren Vale called?
Claredon
What is Scarce Earth?
A project to map McLaren Vale’s diverse soil types and geological structures
What is Fleurieu’s second most significant growing region?
Langhorne Creek
GI: Metala
Langhorne Creek, Fleurieu, SA
GI: Stoneyfell Vineyard
Langhorne Creek, Fleurieu, SA
GI: Wolf Blass
Langhorne Creek, Fleurieu, SA
What GI provides the primary source for the Jacob’s Creek brand?
Langhorne Creek, Fleurieu, SA
What two wine producing regions are separated by the Backstair Passage?
Southern Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island
GI: Sevenhill Cellars
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
GI: Wendouree
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
GI: Jim Barry
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
GI: Grosset
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
GI: Kilkanoon
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
Name three sub-regions of Clare Valley that are known for being cooler? What region on the Winkler Scale are these and where are they located in the region?
Polish Hill River, Watervale, Auburn; in the south/east sectors of Clare Valley; Region II
GI: Armagh vineyard
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA (Jim Barry)
What is the soil type of Polish Hill?
Blue slate bedrock.
What GI is directly south of the Barossa zone?
Adelaide Hills
What GI separates Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale?
Adelaide Hills
What are the two sub-GIs of Adelaide Hills and what grapes are most prominent there?
Picadilly Valley – ChardonnayLenswood – Sauvignon Blanc
GI: Petaluma Winery
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA
Compare the climate of Adelaide Hills and Adelaide Plains.
Adelaide Hills – coolest and wettest region of the Adelaide Super ZoneAdelaide Plains – driest and warmest region of the Adelaide Super Zone
GI: Magill Estate
Adelaide Plains, Mount Lofty Ranges, SA (“spiritual home of Grange”)
Who produces “John Riddock” Cabernet and where from?
Wynn’s Coonawara Estate; Coonawara, Limestone Coast, SA
What producer owns 50% of Coonawara’s vineyard acreage?
Wynn’s Coonawara Estate
What GI separates Padthaway and Coonawara?
Wrattonbully
What GI of Australia is its leader in production, with over 1/4 of the annual tonnage?
Riverland GI, Lower Murray Zone, SA
GI: Kingston Estate
Riverland GI, Lower Murray Zone, SA (second largest family owned winery in Australia)
Name the capital cities of the following Australian states:- Victoria- NSW- South Australia- Western Australia
NAME?
Where is Australia’s oldest continuously operating winery?
Wyndham Estate in Hunter Valley.
Who is referred to as “the father of the Australian wine industry” and what did he do?
James Busby, brought cuttings over from Europe in the 1830s
When did the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area debut and what is it?
1912; a major project delivering water from Murrumbidgee (a major tributary of the Murray River) to the dry, drought prone zones in Riverina, west of the Great Dividing Range
Who did Maurice O’Shea work for, and what is it credited with?
Mt. Pleasant Winery in Hunter; made dry red wine when it was popular to make fortified
What GI is an extension of SA’s Riverland GI?
Murray Darling, Big Rivers, NSW
What is the northernmost GI in NSW?
New England Australia, Northern Slopes Zone
What are the coastal zones of NSW and how do they differ in climate from the inland zones?
Coastal: South Coast, Hunter, and Northern Rivers – humidity is high, summer rainfall is common, and climate is tropical to sub-tropical. Inland regions are protected by the Great Diving Range, and it is much hotter and drier inland.
Name three wineries based in Pokolbin. Where is Pokolbin?
Sub GI of Hunter; Tyrell’s, Brokenwood, Thomas Wines, Audrey Wilkisnon, McWilliam’s Mt. Pleasant
What is the typical pH of a Hunter Semillon?
2.9 – very low! (high acid)
When is Hunter Semillon typically harvested and at what baume?
End of January/beginning of February, at Baume levels of 9-12
What is “ILR Reserve”?
Brokenwood’s prestige cuvee Semillon, released 6 years after vintage – “Iain Leslie Riggs”
What are the three most planted white grapes in Hunter GI?
Semillon, Chardonnay, and Verdelho
What GI borders Hunter GI on its west?
Mudgee in the Central Ranges zone
To what rivers does the name of the “Big Rivers” zone refer to?
Murray & Murrumbidgee
What is the top producing zone in Australia?
Big Rivers in NSW
What is the largest family-owned winery in Australia?
Casella, owner of Yellow Tail
Name three companies based in Riverina.
De Bortoli, McWilliams, Casella (Yellow Tail)
What GI is De Bortoli Noble One Botrytis Semillon from?
Riverina, Big Rivers, NSW
What was the first vintage of De Bortoli Noble One Botrytis Semillon?
1982
What zone is the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) located within?
South NSW Zone
What is the national capital of Australia?
Canberra, South NSW, NSW
What GI are the Snowy Mountains within?
Canberra, South NSW, NSW
Who released the first commercial wine from Canberra and in what year?
Clonakilla, 1976;
What is Clonakilla’s iconic wine and when was it first released? From where?
Syrah/Viognier; 1992; Canberra, South NSW, NSW
What was the first vineyard in Victoria?
Yering property, established in 1838
What state of Australia saw the most positive benefit from the Gold Rush?
Victoria
When was Yarra Valley hit by phylloxera?
It was spared when it hit in the 19th century, but was hit by phylloxera in 2006
What GI of Victoria was prosperous before phylloxera hit, but saw most of its vineyards ripped up because of the aphid?
Geelong
What GI of Victoria dominated the state’s production in the 20th century?
Rutherglen
In which GI does the Great Dividing Range see its southernmost border?
Grampians in Western Victoria
What is the northernmost GI in Victoria?
Murray Darling, NW Victoria
Put E to W: Yarra Valley, Rutherglen, Swan Hill
Rutherglen, Yarra Valley, Swan Hill
Put N to S: Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, Goulburn Valley
Goulburn Valley, Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula
What is Black Saturday?
173 people died from bush fires on Saturday, February 7, 2009 – hot and dry conditions in Australia combined with highly flammable eucalpytus oil
What is “The Rip”?
A small channel about two miles wide connecting the Port Phillip Bay with the Bass Straight and the Southern Ocean
What moderating climactic factors are at work in Port Phillip?
Proximity to the water, strong southwesterly winds, and in the northern stretches – near Macedon Ranges – elevation
Who was the original proprietor of Cold-Stream Hills and in what GI is it?
James Halliday, mid-80s in Yarra Valley
In which Australian GI did Moet & Chandon set up shop in the 1980s?
Yarra Valley
What two grapes account for 50% of the acreage in Yarra Valley?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Compare Lower Yarra Valley and Upper Yarra Valley.
Lower Yarra Valley – in the north warmer, ancient sandy, loam soils, plumper and less aromatic PNsUpper Yarra Valley – in the south, younger red basalt soiils, cooler, higher elevation, defined, mineral driven PN
What GI divides the Port Phillip Bay from the Bass Straight?
Mornington Peninsula
GI: Bannockburn
Geelong, Port Phillip, Victoria
Where would you find the unofficial sub-zones of Surf Coasat, Bellarine, and Moorabool Valley?
Geelong, Port Phillip, Victoria
What is the coolest GI on the Australian mainland?
Macedon Ranges, Port Phillip, Victoria
GI: Bindi
Macedon Ranges, Port Phillip, Victoria
GI: Jasper Hill
Heathcote, Port Phillip, Victoria
GI: Tahbilk
Nagambie Lakes, Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria
What geographic feature provides the northern border of Rutherglen?
The Murray River
GI: Morris Wines
Rutherglen, NE Victoria
GI: All Saints
Rutherglen, NE Victoria
Does Rutherglen Muscat typically carry a vintage?
No; it is a blend of vintages
When does harvest typically occur for Rutherglen Muscat? At what brix levels?
Early April; 36+
What Muscat is used for Rutherglen Muscat?
Muscat ROUGE a Petits Grains, aka Muscat de Frontignan aka Brown Muscat
How long is Rutherglen Muscat typically fermented?
1-2 days on skins, allowing 20-40 g/L of sugar to be consumed before it is pressed off to be fortified
What is Rutherglen Muscat fortified with and in what ratio?
96’ neutral grape spirit in a ratio of 4:1
How is Rutherglen Muscat aged?
For years or even decades in old barrels of different sizes; some producers use a solera system, others blend just before bottling
How many producers make Rutherglen Muscat? Name them.
Eight; All Saints, Morris, Campbells, Chambers, Stanton & Killeen, Rutherglen Estates, Buller, Pfeiffer
Does Rutherglen Muscat or Topaque typically experience botrytis?
No; passerillage is common, but the climate is too dry for botrytis (which would be discouraged anyway to promote the varietal character of the grapes)
Compare and contrast Rutherglen Muscat and Topaque.
Vinification and Vitification are identical.Topaque will be lighter in color (white grapes instead of red), and typically 30-40 g/L less in RS, less intensity and greater acidity than Muscat
In what GIs would you find the Victoria Alps?
Part of the Great Dividing Range, found in Alpine Valleys and Beechworth in NE Victoria
GI: Best’s
Great Western, Grampians, Western Victoria
What GI of Victoria borders the Limestone Coast?
Henty
What is the only zone in Victoria to have no smaller GIs within it?
Gippsland
GI: Bass Phillip
South Gippsland, Victoria
GI: Houghton
Swan Valley, Swan District, Greater Perth, Western Australia
GI: Sandalford
Swan Valley, Swan District, Greater Perth, Western Australia
What two zones is most of Western Australia’s viticulture confined to?
Greater Perth and Southwest Australia
What three bodies of water does Margaret River touch?
Geographe Bay, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean
What is the foremost region for Semillon/SB blends in Australia?
Margaret River, SW Australia
What was the first commercial wine release in Margaret River?
1971 Vasse Felix Riesling
What GI’s eastern border is formed by the Gladstone Line and the Whicher Mountain Range?
Margaret River
Where would you find the unofficial subzone Wilyabrup? Name three producers based there.
Margaret River; Vasse Felix, Cullen, Moss Wood
Where would you find the unofficial subzone Wallcliffe? Name two producers based there.
Margaret River; Leeuwin Estate & Cape Mentelle
GI: Vasse Felix
Margaret River, SW Australia, Western Australia
GI: Cullen
Margaret River, SW Australia, Western Australia
GI: Moss Wood
Margaret River, SW Australia, Western Australia
GI: Leeuwin Estate
Margaret River, SW Australia, Western Australia
GI: Cape Mentelle
Margaret River, SW Australia, Western Australia
What are the top grape varieties in Margaret River?
Chard, Cab, SB/Semillon
What is the northernmost GI of the Southwest Australia zone? What GI borders it on its north and what zone is it in?
Geographe; Peel in Greater Perth
What is the western most GI of the Southwest zone of Western Australia?
Margaret River
N to S: Geographe, Margaret River, Swan District
Swan District, Geographe, Margaret River
What zone is responsible for 85% of Western Australia’s production, and what are the two most productive GIs within it?
Southwest Australia zone; Margaret River & Great Southern
James Halliday coined the term “Golden Triangle” describing what three estates in Wallcliffe, Margaret River known for their Chardonnay.
Leeuwin, Cape Mentelle, and Voyager Estate
Describe the climate of Margaret River.
Warm, Mediterranean. Dry summers and rainy winters.
Where is the Gignin clone of Chardonnay most commonly found? What is a synonym?
Margaret River; Mendoza
GI: Plantagenet
Mount Barker, Great Southern, Southwest Australia, Western Australia
What is the capital city of Tasmania?
Hobart
What mainland region of Australia is Tasmania closest to?
Victoria
What is the most commonly made style of wine in Tasmania?
Sparkling wine.
GI: Jansz Wine Co.
Tasmania; joint venture of Roederer and Heemskerk, now owned by Yalumba
What is the northernmost GI in Australia?
South Burnett
GI: Mount Mary
Yarra Valley, Port Phillip, Victoria
GI: Giaconda
Beechworth, NE Victoria
Who makes 100 Year Old Para Vintage Tawny and where?
Seppeltsfield, Barossa Valley
Who makes Diana Madeline and where?
Diana Madeline – Cullen Cab/Merlot, Margaret River
Who makes Basket Press Shiraz and where?
Rockford, Barossa Valley
Name two single vineyard Shiraz from Henschke?
Hill of Grace and Mt. Edelstone
What Clare Valley producer is famous for doing blends where Malbec factors in as a large portion?
Wendouree
Who makes Roennfeldt Road and from where?
Greenock Creek, Barossa Valley (both a Cab and a Shiraz are made called Roaennfeldt Road)
Who makes Old Bastard Shiraz and from where?
Kaesler, Barossa Valley
Who makes Amon-Ra and where from?
Glaetzer Wines, Shiraz, Barossa Valley
Who makes Octavius and where from?
Yalumba, Old Vine Shiraz, Barossa
