Australia Flashcards
Who owns Pendfolds and Lindemans?
Treasury wine estates
What region in Australia got hit the hardest by Phyloxera in the late 1800’s?
Victoria
What is the largest producing region in Australia?
South Australia 51% of production
From post phylloxera to the 1960’s what type of wine constituted 80% Australias production?
Sweet fortified
What is the Stelvin closure?
Screw cap closure
Is chapitilization allowed in Australia?
No
When does mechanical harvesting often occur?
At night to retain acidity.
Riverland (South Australia) and Riverina (NSW) are known for?
Large, irrigated areas accounting for 40% of Australia’s production
When did Grange first debut? What was it called?
1951, Grange Hermitage (Max Shubert produced)
Who produces “Hill of Grace” shiraz?
Henschke
Who produces “Octavius” Shiraz?
Yalumba
Who produces “Astralis”
Clarendon Hills
Who produces “Run Rig”
Torbreck
What do Octavius, Astralis, Grange and Run Rig shiraz all have in common?
All coming from old vines
What climactic problems to Australian wine regions encourageter?
Drought, Fires, Early frosts.
2009 really bad fire
What body oversees the Australian wine industry? When was it established
Australia Wine and Brandy corporation
1981 now known as Wine Australia
What regions does the multi-state zone South Eastern Australia encompass?
Victoria, Tasmania, NSW, Queensland, South Australia,
How many states does South Eastern Australia encompass?
5
Regions in Australia are defined by wine Australia as?
GI’s Geographical Indications
What state had Australias first vineyards?
NSW, 1788
Where is the Great Dividing Range in Australia?
South Eastern Australia dividing coast from inland continental climates
What’s a synonym for the Riverina region?
Murrimbidgee Irrigation Area
Who is the producer of [yellow tail]?
Casella
What type of wine is De Bortoli’s “noble one”
Botrytized semillon dessert wine
What mountain range is on the western border of the Hunter River valley?
Brokenback mountain
What is the climate of the Hunter Valley
Sub tropical
What varietal is Hunter Valley known for?
Semillon. Also produces Verdelho.
What’s a synonym for Semillon in Hunter Valley?
Hunter Riesling
Tyrell’s “Vat 1” is what type of wine?
Semillon- very ageable
What are the most important red varieties?
Shiraz, cab sauv
What’s the smallest state on mainland Australia?
Victoria
What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?
Yarra Valley GI
What is the main grape of the Morrington Peninsula, Yarra Valley, and the Geelong region?
Pinot Noir
Where did Moet & Chandon open an Australian base?
Yarra Valley
Murray-Darling is known for?
Bulk wine production
Murray-Darling is in which two Australian GI’s?
Victorias and New South Wales
Rutherglen and Glenrowan are famous for what type of wine?
sweet fortified wines.
What does a stylized “R” on the label of a Australian wine mean?
Part of Muscat of Rutherglen Network
What are the primary grapes are grown in Rutherglen?
White: Muscadelle
Red: Muscate Rouge a petits grains, shiraz
In South Australia, where does the majority of production take place?
South Eastern part
What zone is Coonawarra located in?
Limestone Coast Zone
What type of grape is Coonawarra known for?
Cabernet Sauvignon (arguably the best in Australia)
What soil is found in Coonawarra?
Terra Rossa
Where is Parker estate’s “First Growth” produced? What varietal?
Coonawarra, cab sauv
What region lies north of Coonawarra and shares the Terra Rossa soil and produces cab sauv?
Padthaway GI
What lake effects the Fleurieu region’s climate?
Lake Alexandrina
What’s a synonym for Mataro?
Mourvedre
What are the primary varietals in McLaren Vale
Shiraz, Grenach, Mourvedre, Cab Sauv
How produces “dead arm” shiraz? Where?
D’arenberg, McLaren Vale
Who produces “high sands”? What varietal
Yangarra, Grenache
Eclipse is a Grenache blend produced by…?
Drew Noon
Where is Australia’s most age worthy riesling found?
Clare Valley
What is the Adelaide GI?
A “super zone” allowing producers to blend freely from Barossa, Fleurieu, and Mount Lofty Ranges.
In Australia, Shiraz is sometimes co-fermented with this varietal:
Viognier
What varietals does Eden Valley produce?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz, cab suav
What is the Barossa valley most known for
Old vine shiraz
Margaret River GI is known for?
Bordeaux blends - both white (Sauv blanc x semillion) and red (cab sauv)
What are the two regions in Queensland?
Granite’s belt and South Burnett
What is Australia’s coolest wine producing area?
Tasmania
What are the primary varietals planted in Tasmania?
Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot
Where is Tasmania does Cab Sauv do well?
Tamar Valley and Coal River areas
Claire valley riesling?
high petrol, tennis balls, lime
What type of wine is De Bortoli’s “Noble One”
Bortrityzed semillon
Does Tasmania lie roughly on the same altitudes the north island?
Yes
Does Australia Riesling (Semillon) have oak influenced flavors?
No
What is Langton’s Classification?
The most important classification of Australian wines
Are Shiraz and Cab Suave often blended together in Australia?
Yes
What is the most planted red grape in Australia?
Syrah
What Australian state is most famous for its sparkling wines?
Tasmania
In which modern state were Australia’s first grapevines planted?
New South Wales
What type of Oak Barrel was commonly used in Australia until recent times?
300 liter American Hogshed
What ocean has the coldest influence on Australia?
Indian Ocean
What wine region in Australia sees the most rainfall?
Tasmania
What famous Northern Rhône producer established a winery in Mount Benson?
Michel Chapoutier
Where is Mount Benson?
Limestone Coast, South Australia
Barossa Valley is larger in both size and production than Napa Valley. True or False?
False
Grosset Polish hill is made from?
Riesling
What zones does the Adelaide superzone include?
Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges
Which Australian states have been affected by phylloxera
NSW and Victoria
Phylloxera ravaged which state’s vineyards in the late 19th century?
Victoria. However the colonial officials did a good job to combat the spread of it and it only spread a tiny bit outside of Victoria. This is why some of the world’s oldest surviving vines are found in South Australia.
Which is the top wine producing state in Australia?
South Australia
From the post-phylloxera period through the 1960s, what was the primary type of wine produced?
Sweet, fortified wines accounted for 80% of production during this time
In 2011, what percentage of production to fortified wines account for?
.02%
Who is Max Schubert, what were his contributions and where did he work?
Max Schubert was a winemaker who founded Mt Pleasant in Hungter in 1925 and produced Australia’s first wines labeled varitally during his three decade long tenure there (though local interest was tepid)
Then he worked as the Chief Winemaker at Penforlds where he introduced the Shiraz-based Grange Hermitage in 1951.
“Grange” is not the expression of a single site but rather a selection of the best grapes from a number of the company’s vineyards.
What is Langton’s?
Australia’s leading wine auction house
When was Hill of Grace, produced by Henschke first released?
1958
It is a single vineyard bottling located in Eden Valley and considered to be the quintessential Eden Valley Shiraz
Which are the top five varieties in Australia today (in order of plantings?)
Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Merlot Semillon
When was wine Australia established?
1981
It was established as the Wine and Brandy Corporate
What does Wine Australia govern?
It maintains the oversight of the wine industry, regulating its label language, defining geographical boundaries of wine regions, moderating exports and trade and promoting the product at home and abroad.
Beginning in 1990 with the Label Integrity program, wines labeled by variety, vintage or region must contain what percent of the stated grape, year or region?
85%
When were the first GIs rolled out in Australia?
1994
What constraints to GIs enforce (geographic boundaries, yields…?)
Like other new world regions GIs only enforce geographic boundaries.
The multi state zone of South Eastern Australia encompasses which states?
Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales as well as the wine growing areas of South Australia and Queensland
In Australia, the EU mandated they not use heritage wine names, what does the Australian Topaque and Apera refernce?
Topaque is the Australian alternate for Tokay
Apera is the Australian alternate for Sherry (coming from “Aperitif”).
Who do “flying winemakers” refer to?
They refer to Australian winemakers who spread their winemaking acumen across the globe.
What are AWRI and CSIRO organizations in Australia?
Both are research organizations based in Adelaide.
AWRI = Australian Wine Research Institute
CSIRO = Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research organization
What is RDI in Australia (in regard to irrigation)?
RDI is regulated deficit irrigation. RDI creates water stress during Serbian key periods of the vine’s development by lowering the total amount of applied irrigation water. By utilizing RDI after fruit set, vineyard managers could limit vegetative growth while enhancing fruit coloration and restricting berry size. This makes it particularly useful for red wine grapes.
What is PRD in regard to irrigation?
PRD - partial rootzone drying.
PRD reduces total water use by up to 50% by alternating the application of drip irrigation from one side of a vine row to the other, keeping half of the rootzone irrigated and have dry.
PRD is quickly becoming a favored means of significant water usage reduction.
Chaptilization is illegal in Australia - what about acidification?
Acidification is legal in Australia, utilized from the entry level wines up to the premium wines.
Tartaric acid is the acid used
Is cork or screw cap more common in Australia?
Screw cap by a mile. 99% of ALL white bottling are screwcap and 98.8% of reds under $20 screwcap
Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, McLaren Vale and Clare Valley are all important premium winemaking GIs in which superzone?
Adelaide
Barossa is South Australia’s single most important winemaking zone. It houses the oldest vines in Australia and possibly the world, from which varieties?
Grenache - planted in 1850 and owned by Cirillo
Mataro (Mourvèdre) - porduced by Hewitson from the Koch family’s “Old Garden” of vines from 1853
Syrah - Langmeil’s “Freedom” vineyard, planted in 1843
Cabernet Sauvignon - the oldest in Australia - Penfolds’ “Block 42” lying in Kalimna in the norther Narossa valley which dates to 1888
The Barossa old vine charter defines age categories by the below, what are their respective age requirements (in years)?
Old Vines
Survivor Vines
Centenarian Vines
Ancestor Vines
All below are minimum requirements
Old Vines - 35 years old
Survivor Vines - 70 years old
Centenarian Vines - 100 years old
Ancestor Vines - 125 years old
The Barossa zone is divided into two parallel valleys which are:
Barossa Valley GI
Eden Valley GI
Is the Barossa Valley GI a large or small wine region?
Large - it’s the country’s largest fine wine regions and fourth largest overall wine region behind Riverland, Riverina and Murray Darling.
Is Barossa Valley or Eden Valley closer to see level? Which is generally warmer?
Barossa Valley is closer to sea level at 100m-300m and is generally warmer.
What are the soils of the Barossa Valley?
The hot, flat Barossa Valley floor has deep, loamy clay soils and a reserve of underground water to accommodate irrigation during the dry summers.
Which is the most cultivated grape in the Barossa valley?
Shiraz - over 50% cultivation is Shiraz
Does Australia produce and other types of wine from Shiraz than still red wines?
“Sparkling Burgundy” a red wine from Shiraz.
Nowadays these sparkling reds are made via tank method, very few are traditional method
Where do the below Shiraz’s come from?
Elderton’s “the Command”
Torbreck’s “RunRig” and “The Laird”
These are all Barossa Valley Shiraz’s
Where is Jacob’s Creek located?
In the Barossa Valley.
Johann Gramp planted the vineyard there in 1847
How does Eden Valley compare climatically to Barossa Valley?
It’s higher elevation 400-600m to Barossa’s 100-300m. It’s cooler and more sparsely planted. It contains 1/5 of the vineyard acreage as Barossa Valley.
Henschke, planted in 1860, produces the most lauded wine within Eden Valley named…
Hill of Grace
It is a single vineyard site (contrasted to Grange in Barossa which is multi-vineyard)
Is there more white or red grapes planted in Eden Valley?
White and Riesling occupies over 1/4 of vineyard real estate.
The McLaren Vale GI sits within which zone?
The Fleurieu zone in South Australia
Which grape is the most planted in McLaren Vale?
Shiraz - it’s planted to over half of the region’s 7100 hectares.
Cabernet comes in second, Grenache third
Grenache is less planted but proving to be an exciting grape in the region especially in the sandy soils
McLaren Vale is forward thinking in sustainablility - what are some of the practices that exhibit this in the region?
Using recycled water from nearby Adelaide to irrigate the vines (if not dry farmed)
MVSCWGA - McLaren Vale Sustainable Winegrowing Australia
1/4 of the 7 dozen wineries in McLaren Vale are certified organic and 40 of the producers are participating in “generational farming” - a new sustainable farming initiative
Metala is Fleurieu’s longest-running producer (1860) which established the Stonygell Vineyard in 1890 in which GI?
Langhorne Creek GI
Langhorne Creek GI comprises of 6000 ha of vines on the north side of Lake Alexandrina and is Fleurieu’s second most significant winegrowing region.
Where are Wolf Bass (1967) and Orlando Wines (1995) located?
The Langhorne Creek GI
Langhorne Creek GI is the principal source for Orlando Wines’ “Jacob’s Creek” brand.
Which island lies within the Fleurieu zone?
Kangaroo Island
Separated from Cape Jarvis on the Fleurieu Pensinsula by the 8.4 mile wide Backstair Passage, it is Fleurieu’s smallest GI with 150 ha under vine
Which is the most heavily planted GI in the Mount Lofty Ranges Zone?
Clare Valley GI.
It produces a range of wines from steely Riesling to bold examples of Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Clare Valley is the northernmost GI within the Mount Lofty Ranges zone.
Jim Barry wines, Grosset and Kilikanoon are all based in which GI?
Clare Valley
Which is the most planted varietal in Clare Valley GI?
Shiraz
Jim Barry’s “Armagh” vineyard Shiraz is ranked among the top internationally recognized icons of the region.
Shiraz from Clare Valley is typically rich and round in style, with slightly less weight and alcohol than one would encounter in Barossa Valley
What is Clare Valley’s second most planted varietal?
Cabernet Sauvignon. It’s sometimes blended with Shiraz or Malbec.
The Adelaide Hills GI, directly south of Barossa are nestled between the ridge of the South Mount Lofty Ranges. Are red or white varietals predominantly planted here?
White - Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Sauvignon Blanc is the GI’s most planted variety
Is Sparkling wine produced in Adelaide hills?
Yes. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are both used in Sparkling wines.
Petaluma, Shaw + Smith (the region’s largest wineries), the Lane, Golding, BK Wines, and Bird in Hand are all producers in which GI?
Adelaide Hills GI
How do the wines and climate of Adelaide Plains GI compare to those of Adelaide Hills GI?
Adelaide Plains are consistently warms - average Jan temps are in the mid-70’s vs Adelaide Hills which remain cool and in the mid 60’s.
Adelaide Plains isn’t know for premium wines the way the hills are. However, back in the day, Grange’s grapes were part of Max Schubert’s first experience with the making of Grange.
What zone does the Coonawarra GI lie within?
The limestone coast zone.
Coonawarra consider itself Australia’s foremost region for Cabernet Sauvignon. It’s equally famous for it’s terra rossa (red soil)
Terra Rossa soil is famously found in which Australian GI?
Coonawarra
Coonawarra’s Terra Rossa soil is composed of white types of soil?
The top portion is fixable clay loam that overlies soft limestone.
This combination allows for both good drainage as well as good water retention.
Which producers owns about half of the vineyard acreage in Coonawarra?
Wynns
Who produces “John Riddoch” Cabernet Sauvignon?
Wynns Coonawarra Estate
When was the Coonawarra GI formally established?
2003
Padthaway GI and Wrattonbully GI are south of Coonawarra and like Coonawarra, tend to focus on which varietals?
Primarily Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz
Which GI is located in the Lower Murray Zone?
The Riverland GI
The region follows the Murray River which creates fertile, sandy soils, optimal for agriculture and many, many value vines are planted here - Shiraz and Chardonnay are neck in neck for most plantings.
What is the capital of New South Wales?
Sydney
In what state were vine first planted in Australia?
New South Wales - very close to the present day Sydney Opera House in 1791
Who is James Busby?
James Busby (1801-1871) is credited with being the “father” of the Australian wine industry.
He moved to NSW in the 1820’s and returned to Europe in 1831 and collected vine cuttings from Rhône, Bordeaux and Burgundy varieties, representing the core oAustralia’s viticultural heritage
What event happened in 1851 that spurred vineyard expansion?
The discovery of gold in Australia.
What is the name of the vast growing area in NSW akin to Lower Murray’s Riverland?
Riverina which is located in the Murrumbidgee (a major tributary of the Murray River) irrigation area.
What is the climate of the Hunter region?
Hot, subtropical
What are the top varieties in the Hunter GI?
Semillon, Chardonnay, Verdelho, Shriaz
Is Hunter Valley GI a wet or dry region?
A wet region.
It’s one of the warmest and wettest climates among Australia’s wingrowing regions. It is sub-tropical and humid. The Lower Hunter averages over 20 inches of rain during the growing season
Which is the most planted grape of the Hunter Valley?
Semillon
What is the top producing (by quantity) zone in the country?
Big Rivers in NSW
South Australia’s Riverland GI is the largest single region, but Big Rivers is the top-producing zone in the country
Who is the largest family-owned wine company in Australia today?
Casella wines (Makers of [yellow tail])
Who produces the “noble one” wine in Riverina, NSW and what kind of wine is it?
De Bortoli produces “Noble One Botrytis Semillon”. It’s a highly regarded dessert wine
Canberra District in South NSW is often compared to which French region?
The Northern Rhone.
Shiraz does very well here and when co-fermented with small amounts of Viognier it produces a wine very similar to Cote-Rotie
What is the capital of Victoria?
Melbourne
What devastated the vineyards of Victoria beginning in 1877?
Phylloxera
Phylloxera first hit in Geelong and when this happened, rather than replanting to American rootstock, the Victorian government ordered every vine in Geelong uprooted, decimating Australia’s then-largest wine region. This made room for Rutherglen to surpass Geelong in size. Though many other GIs were effected in Victoria
When did Phylloxera arrive in Ybarra Valley (in Victoria)?
Not until 2006. It was spared in the late 1800’s. But in the 1930’s its vineyards were entirely Dudu p anyway to make room for pastureland.
What is the large prominent mountain range in NSW and part of Victoria?
The great dividing range
What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone?
It’s considered Mediterranean but is cooled by the strong southweterlies - the chilling winds from the polar latitudes, which cool the zone.
In the Port Phillip GI, what are the dominate varietals?
Burgundian varietals
Where in Australia does Moët & Chandon have a domaine?
Yarra Valley
What is the most planted varietal in the Yarra Valley?
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay comes in as a close second. Together, the two grapes account for nearly 75% of Yarra Valley’s total acreage
Shiraz and Cab Sauvignon, the valley’s second and third most planted red grapes, produce lighter and more elegant styles in Yarra’s cool climate.
How is Shiraz typically labeled in the Yarra?
Syrah - to set expectations to the consumer. These Syrah’s are different than their Barossa cousins and are typically peppery, floral, and red-fruited.
Geelong GI and Morington Beninsula GI are within which zone?
The Port Phillip zone in Victoria (the same zone as the Yarra valley).
Both focus on Pinot Noir as well as Chardonnay and there’s some Pinot Grigio
What are “stickies”?
Sweet wines
What is Rutherglen known for?
It’s famous for it fortified sweet wines.
Where is the Tahbilk winery located? What varietal is its most famous wine made from?
Nagambie Lakes (a subregion of Goulburn Valley Wine).
Tahbilk produces Syrah
Where is All Saints located? When was it established?
Located in Rutherglen, established in 1859
What is a synonym for Durif?
Petit Sirah
Which type of wines are most emblematic of Rutherglen?
Rutherglen’s Muscat and Topaque.
Which Muscat varietal is used in Rutherglen Muscat?
Muscat (Muscat de Frontignan, or Muscat Rouge a Petit Grains) produces ones of the sweetest most ambrosial and liquor like wines.
Is Rutherglen muscat botrityzed, fortified or both?
No botrityzed but fortified with a neutral grape spirit.
It ages for years, even decades, in various formats of old wood: 225 liter barriques, 300 liter hogsheads and occasionally 500 liter puncheons.
Some producers use a solera system, other tend to keep lots and vintages separate, preferring to blend just prior to bottling.
Australia’s Topaque is made which from which varietal? How does it compare to Rutherglen Muscat’s?
Topaque is made from Muscadelle.
It is not as sweet as Rutherglen Muscat.
It concentrates through passerillage and is fortified, similar to Muscat.
Topaque is overall less intense and has greater acidity than fortified Muscat.
Murray Darling GI and Swan Hill GI in Victoria are known for what kind of wine production?
Bulk wine production - they account for 6% of Australian vineyard and sell for less than five Australian dollars per liter
What is the capital of Western Australia?
Perth
Which varietals is Margaret River known for?
Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc-Semillon blends
When was Margaret River’s first commercial wine produced?
1971 - Dr. Tom Cullity’s Vasse Felix label was the first to produce a commercial Margaret River wine - a Riesling.
What was Dr Gladstones (a local agronomist) role in the creation of Maragaret River?
He researched the suitability of the region to vines and presented that research to a group of local land owners
Which two regions in Australia are considered the premium Cabernet producing regions?
Margaret River and Coonawarra
What is Margaret River’s climate like?
It’s considered Mediterranean and actually deemed quite similar to Bordeaux in many ways with loamy, gravelly soils - but a bit warmer overall
What is the “Golden Triangle” in Australia’s Margaret River?
This refers to Leeuwin Estate, Cape Mentelle and Voyager Estate - home to top Australian Chardonnay for two decades.
In which two Western Australian wine regions is the majority of wine produced?
Margaret River and Great Southern (85% of vines are in these two)
What is the capital of Tasmania?
Hobart
Which is Australia’s coolest wine-producing region?
Tasmania
How many appellations does Tasmania have?
One: Tasmania GI
Which is the most planted variety in Tasmania?
Pinot Noir
Are more white’s or reds planted in Tasmania?
White’s outnumber red’s by a slim margin, but Pinot Noir is the most planted grapes by far.
Whites: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling
Chamber’s, Campbell’s and Buller are top producers in which region?
Rutherglen
THe King and Alpine Valleys are located in which zone of Victoria?
Northeast Victoria
Clarendon Hills is located in which GI?
McLaren Valley
What grape variety is used to produce Topaque?
Muscadelle
Penley Estate, Belnaves and Parker are top producers in which region?
Coonawarra
What is the term for fortified “sherry-like” wines of Australia?
Apera
In which GI would you find the sub-region of Nagambie Lakes?
Goulburn Valley
What famous Northern Rhone producer established a winery in Mount Benson?
Michel Chapoutier
What zones does the Adelaide Superzone include?
Barossa, Fleaurieu and the Mount Loft Ranges
Lenswood and Piccadilly Valley are sub-regions located within which GI?
Adelaide Hills
Seppeltsfield and Rowland Flat are informal sub-regions in which GI?
Barossa Valley
The King and Alpine Valleys are located in which zone of Victoria?
Northeast Victoria
In which zone of South Australia would you find the Mount Benson GI?
The Limestone Coast
Where is the Robe GI located?
South Australia - Limestone coast, south of Mount Benson
Where is Blackwood Valley GI located?
Western Australia
Where is the Mornington Peninsula located?
Victoria
In which South Australian GI are the producers Jim Barry and Wendouree located?
Clare Valley
What are the sub-regions of the Great Southern GI?
Albany Denmark Frankland River Mount Baker Porongurup
Who produces “Cyril” Cabernet Sauvignon?
Henschke in the Eden Valley
Who produces Dead Arm shiraz?
d’Arenberg
Who produces Octoavius shiraz?
Yalumba
Who produces Dead Arm shiraz?
D’Arenberg
Who produces “The Laird”
Torbreck
Where is the Para river located?
The Barossa Valley
Which of the following wines is generally harvested first in Australia?
- Clare Valley Riesling
- Margaret River Chardonnay
- Yarra Valley Pinot Gris
- Hunter Valley Semillon
Hunter Valley Semillon
Regions or subregions mush have how many independently owned vineyards of at least how many hectares in size?
They must have 5 independently owned vineyards of at least 5 heat acres in size
Mallee Point, Painter’s Cover, Yellow Tail and Yenda Vale are part of what larger winery?
Casella
What GI are you most likely to find the group of producers collectively known as “The First Five”?
Margaret River
What are the varietals used in Seppeltsfield 100 year old Para tawny?
Mataro (Mourvèdre)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Grenache
Syrah
Cowra, Mudgee and Orange are all in which NSW zone?
Central Ranges Zone
The Albany, Fremantle and Lake Doctors are all referring to what type of meteorological effect?
Wine patterns off of nearby bodies of water
According to Barossa’s old vine charter, what is the minimum age a vine must reach in order to be labeled as “Ancestor”?
125 years
Wilyabrup, Yallingup, and Karridale are all informal sub-regions found in what GI?
Margaret river
Which are the unofficial sub-regions of Clare Valley?
Polish Hill
