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Question 1

Shoulder abduction and adduction

Answer 1

Abduction: C5
Adduction: C6

Question 2

Elbow flexion

Answer 2

C5,6

Question 3

Elbow extension

Answer 3

C7,8

Question 4

Wrist flexion and extension

Answer 4

C6,7

Question 5

Finger flex and extend

Answer 5

C7,8

Question 6

Finger abduction

Answer 6

T1

Question 7

Dermatome that innervates shoulder

Answer 7

C5

Question 8

Dermatome antero-lateral forearm

Answer 8

C6

Question 9

Dermatome anterior and post forearm

Answer 9

C7

Question 10

Dermatome Medial forearm

Answer 10

C8

Question 11

Dermatome Medial arm

Answer 11

T1

Question 12

describe the course of the Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 12

• originates from lateral cord of brachial plexus
• leaves the axilla, and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, near its point of insertion on the humerus.
• continues distally anterior to the brachialis muscle but deep to the biceps brachii,
• emerges laterally to the biceps tendon, and continues into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve

Question 13

describe the course of the axillary nerve

Answer 13

• orginates from posterior cord of brachial plexus
• descends to the inferior border of the subscapularis muscle, and then exits the axilla posteriorly via the quadrangular space
• axillary nerve terminates by dividing into two branches: (Anterior and posterior terminal branch)

Question 14

describe the course of the radial nerve

Answer 14

• originates from post cord of BP
• situated posteriorly to the axillary artery, It exits the axilla inferiorly (via the triangular interval)
• descends down the arm, travelling in a shallow depression within the surface of the humerus, known as the radial groove.
• As it descends, the radial nerve wraps around the humerus laterally,
• To enter the forearm, the radial nerve travels anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, through the cubital fossa.
• The nerve then divides into two branches (deep and superficial)

Question 15

Describe the course of the median nerve

Answer 15

• originates for the medial and lateral cord of the BP
• lateral to the brachial artery but halfway down the arm, the nerve crosses over it, and becomes situated medially
• The median nerve enters the anterior compartment of the forearm via the cubital fossa.
• The median nerve gives off two major branches in the forearm: (anterior interosseous nerve, palmar cutaneous nerve)

Question 16

describe the course of the ulnar nerve

Answer 16

• originates for the medial cord of the BP
• descends down the medial side of the upper arm. At the elbow, it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, entering the forearm (where susceptible to injury)
• pierces the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris, and travels alongside the ulna
• At the wrist, the ulnar nerve travels superficially to the flexor retinaculum. It enters the hand via the ulnar canal (or Guyon’s canal). In the hand the nerve terminates by giving rise to superficial and deep branches.

Question 17

Origin and termination of axillary artery

Answer 17

O: subclavian a.
T: brachial a.

Question 18

Origin and termination of axillary vein

Answer 18

O: basilic v. (cephalic drains into it)
T: subclavian v.

Question 19

Origin and termination of brachial artery

Answer 19

O: axillary a.
T: Radial and ulnar a. (after cubital fossa)

Question 20

Origin and termination of basilic vein

Answer 20

O; dorsal venous network of the hand.

T: combines with the brachial veins to form the axillary vein.

Question 21

Origin and termination of cephalic vein

Answer 21

O; dorsal venous network of the hand.

T: axillary vein.

Question 22

What increases the depth the of the GH joint

Answer 22

Gelnoid labrum

Question 23

Whats a muscle that originates and inserts at the coracoid process?

Answer 23

coracobrachialis, Biceps branchii SH (O)
pect Minor (I)

Question 24

Where is the acromion and what is a muscle that originates there

Answer 24

• highest bony prominence of the shoulder

- Middle deltoid

Question 25

what are the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 25

subscap
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor

Question 26

what are the boundaries of the axilla

Answer 26

Ant: pect minor and major 
Post: subscapularis, teres major, lats dorsi 
Medial: serratus ant
Lateral: bicipital groove of humerus
floor: skin and fascia

Question 27

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space and what exits this space

Answer 27

lat: surgical neck of humerus
Med: LH of triceps branchii
Inf: teres major
Sup: subscapularis

post circumflex humeral a. and axillary n.

Question 28

what are the boundaries if the cubital fossa

Answer 28

Sup: imaginary line between epicondyles 
Inf: brachioradialis 
Med: pronator teres 
Roof: deep fascia 
Floor: brachialis and supinator

Question 29

where do all the pass, fail muscles in the forearm originate

Answer 29

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 30

What is the major origin for muscle sin the post. forearm and name these muscles

Answer 30

lat epicondyle of humerus

• ECRB
• ED
• EDM
• ECU
• Supinator (also originates from annular lig and fossa of ulna)

Question 31

boundaries and contents of deltopectoral triangle

Answer 31

deltoid, pect maj, clavicle

cephalic vein

Question 32

what are the contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 32

brachial artery and vein
biceps tendon
median and radial nerves

Question 33

contents of the axilla

Answer 33

axillary artery and vein

brachial plexus

Question 34

what id the function of the coracoacromial arch

Answer 34

a protective arch formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and the coracoid process of the scapula with the coracoacromial ligament spanning between them. This osseoligamentous structure overlies the head of the humerus, preventing its upward displacement from the glenoid fossa.

Question 35

what are the articular surfaces of the EJ

Answer 35

• Capitulum articulates with head of radius

- Trochlea of humerous articulates with trochlear notch (ulna)

Question 36

what is the carrying angle and why does it occur?

Answer 36

• Where the forearm sticks out more lateral, compared to the natural line of the humerous
• This is due to the shape of articular surfaces and helps with functional activities such as weight bearing for carrying shopping bags

Question 37

what are the articular surfaces for sup. and inf. RU joints

Answer 37

Sup: - head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
- head of radius also articulates with internal surface of annular lig.

Inf: - head of ulna

• ulna notch of radius
• triangular disk: attaches from distal radius to styloid process of ulna.

Question 38

name and describe the attachments of ligaments in the elbow

Answer 38

Annular lig: attched to ulna and wraps around the head of radius (never attaches)

MCL: - medial epicondyle
- coranoid proces

LCL: - lat epicondyle
- annular lig (this decreases stability but increases mobility)

Question 39

what are the supinators and pronators

Answer 39

supin: biceps, supinator
pro: pronator quadratus, pronator teres

Question 40

what are the boundaries and contents of carpal tunnel

Answer 40

boundaries: carpal bones, flexor retinaculum
contents: median n., muscle tendons (PL, FD)

Question 41

what are the boundaries and contents of ulnar/guyons, canal

Answer 41

boundaries: pisiform and hamate (lig that connects them)
contents: ulnar a and n.

Question 42

what are the boundaries and contents of anatomical snuffbox

Answer 42

boundaries: the abductor pollicis longus.
extensor pollicis brevis.
extensor pollicis longus.
contents: radial artery, a branch of the radial nerve and cephalic vein