Augustus

Question 1

What year was Caesar assassinated?

Answer 1

44 BCE

Question 2

In what year was the Battle of Mutina?

Answer 2

43 BCE

Question 3

What year was the Second Triumvirate created?

Answer 3

43 BCE

Question 4

What year was the Battle of Philippi?

Answer 4

42 BCE

Question 5

What year was Lucius Antony’s revolt?

Answer 5

41 BCE

Question 6

What year was the Peace of Brundisium?

Answer 6

40 BCE

Question 7

What year was the battle that ended in the Treaty of Misenum?

Answer 7

39 BCE

Question 8

What year was the Battle of Naulochus?

Answer 8

36 BCE

Question 9

What year was the Battle of Actium?

Answer 9

31 BCE

Question 10

What year was the first settlement?

Answer 10

27 BCE

Question 11

What year was the second settlement?

Answer 11

23 BCE

Question 12

What year was the third settlement?

Answer 12

19 BCE

Question 13

Who was the Battle of Philippi between?

Answer 13

Antony + Octavian versus the conspirators, led by Brutus + Cassius

Question 14

Why did Lucius Antonius and Fulvia lead a revolt against Octavian?

Answer 14

They believed that Antony should be the sole ruler of Rome and Octavian should not have taken all the credit for the veteran land settlements

Question 15

Why did the Peace of Brunsidium happen?

Answer 15

Octavian ‘refused’ Antony entry at Brundisium and concentrated his forces against Antony, but no one had the heart to go into another civil war.

Question 16

Who fought the battle that ended in the Treaty of Misenum?

Answer 16

Sextus Pompeius and the Triumvirate

Question 17

Who was the Battle of Actium between?

Answer 17

Marc Antony+Cleopatra versus. Octavian

Question 18

What two roles did Augustus get in the Second Settlement

Answer 18

Proconsular Imperium Maius and Tribunicia Potestas

Question 19

Strabo on proskynesis

Answer 19

“On meeting persons of… equal rank… they approach and kiss them, but to persons of an inferior station they offer the cheek… But to persons of still lower condition they only bend the body.”

Question 20

Plutarch on Callisthenes’ refusal to prostrate himself before Alexander

Answer 20

“He was the only person to voice openly his disapproval of what all the best and oldest Macedonians resented in their hearts.”

Question 21

Callisthenes according to Arrian about prostration.

Answer 21

“It is not right to… make men look more important than they are through the excess of honours.”

Question 22

Cleitus according to Plutarch - living with foreigners

Answer 22

“Go and live with foreigners, slaves who will bow down before your Persian girdle and your white tunic.”

Question 23

Cleitus according to Plutarch - Alexander allowing the Persians to mock the Macedonians

Answer 23

“It is not right for Macedonians who were much superior to those who mocked them, even if they had met with misfortune, to be insulted before natives and enemies.”

Question 24

Arrian about the Susa weddings - who got married

Answer 24

“To the rest of his Companions he gave the choicest daughters of the Persians and Medes.”

Question 25

Arrian about the Susa weddings - style of wedding

Answer 25

"The weddings were solemnized in the Persian fashion."

Question 26

Arrian about the Mutiny at Opis - what the Macedonians were offended by

Answer 26

Alexander's "adoption of Persian dress" and his "including foreign cavalry in the ranks of the companions."

Question 27

Alexander according to Arrian after the Mutiny at Opis

Answer 27

"All of you without exception I regard as my kinsmen, and from now on I shall call you so."

Question 28

Arrian about who Alexander was sending home before the Mutiny at Opis

Answer 28

"Those who, because of old age or disablement, were no longer fit for service."

Question 29

Vitruvius on concrete

Answer 29

"This substance, when mixed with lime and rubble, not only lends its strength to buildings of other kinds, but even when piers of it and constructed in the sea, they set hard under water."

Question 30

Augustus on his restoration of the Republic in the First Settlement

Answer 30

"I transferred the republic from my power to the will of the Senate and the Roman people."

Question 31

Velleius on the restoration of the Republic

Answer 31

"Civil wars ended after 20 years, foreign wars put to rest, peace was brought back... validity was restored to the laws... old traditional form of the Republic was restored."

Question 32

Augustus on his autocracy after Actium

Answer 32

"After I had extinguished civil war... I was in possession of all power."

Question 33

Seutonius after Hirtius and Pansa died during the Battle of Mutina

Answer 33

"There was a persistent rumour that Caesar caused both deaths, so that... he could take over the victorious armies for himself."

Question 34

Appian on the creation of the second triumvirate.

Answer 34

"Caesar and Antony changed from hostility to friendship on an island near Mutina."

Question 35

Cicero in his philippics talking about Antony

Answer 35

"You had scattered abroad all relics of the Republic."

Question 36

Appian on the proscriptions posted after the formation of the second triumvirate

Answer 36

"Orders were given to bring the heads of all to the triumvirs for a fixed reward."

Question 37

Seutonius on Antony and Octavian showing respect to the conspirators after Philippi

Answer 37

"He showed no moderation in victory, but sent Brutus' head to Rome to be cast by Caesar's statue."

Question 38

Seutonius on the siege of Perusia

Answer 38

"Lucius Antonius, relying on his position as consul and his brother's power, attempted a revolution, but Caesar forced him to take refuge in Perusia and then starved him into surrender."

Question 39

Seutonius on what Octavian did after the siege of Perusia

Answer 39

"He executed very many, answering all pleas for mercy with the words, "You must die.""

Question 40

Cassius Dio about the Treaty of Misenum

Answer 40

"Caesar and Antony came to meet Sextus at Misenum."

Question 41

Augustus about what happened after the Battle of Actium

Answer 41

"All Italy voluntarily swore allegiance to me and demanded me as the leader in the war which I was victorious at Actium."

Question 42

Cassius Dio on the power that Octavian got after Actium

Answer 42

"After the battle at Actium on 2 September... Caesar had all power alone, and the count of years of his reign strictly begins from that day."

Question 43

Augustus on the gates at the Temple of Janus

Answer 43

"The Senate decreed its closing thrice while I was Princeps."

Question 44

Cassius Dio about the First Settlement

Answer 44

"Caesar desired... to have his monarchy confirmed voluntarily by the people, so he would not appear to have compelled them."