august-oct Flashcards
when people stopped basing their ideas/beliefs on what the Catholic Church authorized. Europeans adopted independent thinking
enlightenment
where did monotheism originate
ancient israel
islam was born in
mecca
what empire had mongol, central asian tribes taking over various territories. chaotic middle ages (medieval)
nomadic empire
women from other empires sought to be/veil like
persian elite women
three major political phrases of iran
absolute monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, and autocratic monarchy
Islam spread outside of Saudi Arabia to this empire. Did not let non-muslims live there. They had to pay a tax. Not in their interest to convert. Lot of internal tension.
umayaad empire
Did not want to replicate the mistakes of their predecessors. Known as the golden era of Islam. New professions arose in this empire (poet, religious workers, etc.) Reflected that islam was spreading and merging with existing culture
abbasid empire
when was the nomadic empire
13th century
new islamic empires remerge, no longer ethnically arab. what empire?
safavid empire
when was the safavid empire?
15th-18th century
what helped the spread of islam across the peninsula?
poetry (qasidah)
when and where was prophet muhammad born
mecca 570
muhammad’s revelations and words were compiled into
the quran
chapters in the quran are called
surast
the rashidun caliphs are
muhammad’s four successors
sunni believed muhammad’s successor should be…
merit based
shiite believed muhammad’s successor should…
remain in the family
the largest shiite country is
iran
people who interpret the holy scriptures, government officials, whoever’s in charge
islamic scholars
what are the five pillars of islam
shahadah, salat, sawm, hajj, and zakat
pillar of islam that expresses Concept of charity to the less fortunate. Annual tax Muslims must pay
zakat
the pilgrimmage to mecca is known as
hajj
Prayer five times daily from dawn to sunset
salat
proclamation of faith: message of monotheism, there is only one God and the Prophet Muhammad
shahadah
If healthy, adults abstain from food, drink, and sexual activity from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan
sawm
Actions of Muhammad in his daily life. If not in the Quran, try to look through ______
sunnah
principles previously accepted for a similar situation. If there is a new encounter, base the encounter on the legal authority/president.
qiyas
collectively agreed on certain practices. Women are often not part of the collective.
ijma
human reasoning, use logic when the Quran and past three principles
ijtihad
what is based on evidence and properly trained officials
shariah law
trained religious workers that compile the shariah
ulama
when and where was uniform training for the ulama
11th century baghdad
what did the ottoman empire control
the mediterranean sea
a warrior who was fighting for the Ottomans was promised a lot of things (i.e. expansion of Islam, glory, gold, etc.)
tradition of gaza
frontier warriors of the ottoman empire were called
gazis
ottoman empire was one of the first empires to use
gunpowder
boys from christian/european domains in the empire. Taken from their families and brought to the mainland to be soldiers
janissaries
soldiers that showed intellectual thinking were promoted to more prestige roles
devshirme system
standing army full of provincial cavalrymen, freeborn Muslims
sipahi calvary
leaders in the ottoman empire
sultans
religious communities in the ottoman empire
millets
the discovery of cairo geniza tells us
jewish laws were pretty similar to muslim laws
ottoman laws
kanuns
in what century did ottoman empire start declining
19th
reasons for ottoman empire decline
abandonment of shariah laws
what ruler implemented the ottomanization of education
abdul hamid iii
The Wahhabi, Sanusi, and Mahdiyyah Movements believed
the only way to stop the decline of Islamic movement is to go back to Muhammad’s lifestyle
what movement sought an indigenous lifestyle and preached the liberation of libyans
sanusi
what movement attempted to purify the faith and believed ppl should go back to the way muhammad lived his life
wahhabi
what movement was Against Egyption corruption and taxes
mahdiyyah
