Aug 28 - Class 1 - Introductory Flashcards
What is integrative science in the context of physiology?
Integrative science compiles all information and puts it in the context of the whole organism.
What are the basic cell functions?
Ability to:
Obtain nutrients and oxygen FROM the environment
Perform reactions
Generate energy
Accomplish other activities
Release waste (e.g., CO2) TO the environment
Provide an example of a unicellular organism and its exchange process.
An amoeba in pond water directly obtains nutrients and releases waste into the surrounding environment.
How do multicellular organisms differ from unicellular organisms in terms of substance exchange?
- Multicellular organisms have a complex exchange process.
- Most cells are not directly exposed to the environment.
- Cells are surrounded by the “milieu intérieur” (internal environment).
Who is considered the father of modern physiology?
Claude Bernard
What is the “milieu intérieur” and who distinguished it?
- “Milieu intérieur” = internal environment around cells.
- Very different from the outside environment.
- Internal environment remains relatively constant under conditions of health
- Concept by Claude Bernard.
Who coined the term “homeostasis,” and what does it mean?
Walter Cannon coined the term “homeostasis,” which means “a state of dynamic constancy.”
What is the significance of homeostasis in physiology?
- Homeostasis = stable internal environment within the body.
- Keeps cells working properly.
- Essential for overall health.
What is homeostasis?
- Homeostasis: Dynamic constancy of the internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment
- Key idea: It stays constant because it’s always adjusting.
How can the concept of dynamic constancy be understood?
Dynamic constancy: Think of water in a container—volume stays the same, but the molecules keep moving.
What is the fundamental principle of homeostatis?
At all levels of organization, functional activities are directed at maintaining optimal and relatively constant internal conditions.
Why is physiology important in clinical medicine?
- Defines what is normal
- Helps determine and address disruptions to normalcy
Factors that musts be homeostatically controlled (7)
POWEN TV
- Concentration on Nutrient Molecules
- Concentration of O2 and CO2
- Concentration of Waste products
- Concentration of Electrolytes
- pH
- Temperature
- Volume and Pressure
How is disease caused?
Failure to maintain Homeostasis disrupts normal function —- DISEASE
Homeostasis is the basis of ____ and the basis of ______
Physiology
Medicine
