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Physio Test 4 > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

Within the inner ear the cochlea is involved in ________________.

A

hearing

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2
Q

Within the inner ear the vestibular apparatus is involved in __________________.

A

equilibrium

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3
Q

Where are the cochlea and vestibular apparatus located?

A

Temporal bones of the skull

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4
Q

The membranous labyrinth that encases the vestibular apparatus and cochlea is filled with _______________.

A

Endolymph

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5
Q

Endolymph of the inner ear contains high concentration of _____ and low concentrations of ____.

A

High K+

Low Na+

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6
Q

The membraneous labyrinth is located inside the bony labyrinth and a fluid called ___________ lies between the two.

A

perilymph

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7
Q

What does endolymph resemble?

A

Intracellular fluid

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8
Q

What does perilymph resimble?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

Perilymph of the inner ear contains high concentration of _____ and low concentrations of ____.

A

High Na+ & Low K+

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10
Q

What is measured in cycles/sec?

A

Frequency

Human range: 20-20,000 Hz

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11
Q

What is measured in decibels?

A

Loudness

This relates to the amplitude of each wave

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12
Q

WHat is the greatest sensitivity range in Hz?

A

3,000 - 4,000 Hz

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13
Q

At high sensitivity, the threshold tympanic membrane moves less than the diameter of a ____________________________.

A

Hydrogen atom

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14
Q

What makes up the external ear?

A

Pinna and external auditory meatus

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15
Q

What makes up the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane and ossicles (malleus,incus,stapes)

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16
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collect and funnel sound to tympanic membrane

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17
Q

At frequencies around 1,000-3,000 Hz, ossicles act as a lever system and ____________ (increase/decrease) force/unit area at the oval window.

A

Increase

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18
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Impedance matching

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19
Q

What is the function of the inner ear?

A

Transduction of mechanical vibration to electrical signals

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20
Q

What is the fluid filled structure consisting of three tubes that form a spiral of 2.5 turns?

A

Cochlea

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21
Q

How many chambers are in the cochlea?

A

3

22
Q

Where is the organ of corti located?

A

In the middle of the three chambers

23
Q

What is the Organ of Corti?

A

Receptor organ responsible for transduction

24
Q

What chamber of the cochlea is the one to which the oval window transmits vibrations?

A

Scala vestibuli

25
Q

What is located between the scala vestibuli and scala media?

A

Separated by vestibular membrane (Reissner’s membrane)

26
Q

What chamber of the cochlea contains the sense organ for hearing the organ of corti?

A

Scala media

27
Q

What membrane supports the organ of Corti and separates the scala media from scala tympani?

A

Basilar membrane

28
Q

The scala tympani is continuous with the scala vestibuli via the _________.

A

helicotrema

29
Q

Which chamber of the cochlea contains the round window?

A

Scala tympani

30
Q

Which chambers are filled with perilymph and which are filled with endolymph?

A

Perilymph: Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Endolymph: Scala media

31
Q

What frequencies will cause the greatest movement in the basal part of basilar membrane?

A

High frequencies

32
Q

Low frequencies produce large movement closer to the ________.

A

Apex

33
Q

The _________________________ theory says a given frequency will set up a traveling wave in the basilar membrane that will produce a maximal displacement of the membrane at a specific place depending on the frequency.

A

Traveling wave theory

34
Q

The basilar membrane ____________ complex sounds into their individual frequency components and each frequency acts independently of all others to vibrate the basilar membrane at the appropriate position.

A

Deconstructs

35
Q

T/F - Bending of hair cells in one direction causes depolarization and an increase in the release of transmitter, bending in the other direction produces inhibition and decrease in transmitter release.

A

True

36
Q

Outer hair cells act as the ______________________.

A

Cochlear aplifier

37
Q

What are faint sounds produced in the cochlea and transmitted out of the ear by the outer hair cells known as?

A

Otoacoustical emissions

38
Q

These otoacoustical emissions are used as a hearing test for __________.

A

newborns

39
Q

Stereocilia of outer hair cells are stuck in the galatinous _________ membrane.

A

Tectoral membrane

40
Q

What is the function of the vestibular system?

A

To relay information about the position and movement of the head

41
Q

What portion of the vestibular system mediates dynamic functions?

A

Semicircular canals

42
Q

What do the semicircular canals do?

A

They detect rotation or angular acceleration

43
Q

How many semicircular canals are there?

A

3 canals arranged at right angles to one another

44
Q

What is the enlargement at the end of each canal called?

A

Ampulla

45
Q

What is the gelatinous structure which occludes the lumen of the ampulla and sits on top of the ampullary crest?

A

Cupula

46
Q

What is the ampullary crest?

A

Sensory portion of the semicircular duct that contains sensory hair cells. The cilia of the hair cells are embedded in the cupula

47
Q

with angular rotation what moves and what doesn’t?

A

Cupula moves but because of inertia, endolymph does not move.

48
Q

The cupula bends with angular rotation of the head causing the _________ of ampullary crest to bend.

A

Cilia

49
Q

What parts of the vestibular system mediate static functions?

A

Utricle and saccule

50
Q

The function of the ____________ and ______________ is to detect the position of the head in space and linear accelerations.

A

Utricle and saccule

51
Q

T/F - The macula of the utricle lies in the horizontal plane covered by otolithic membrane and with tilt or linear acceleration the membrane with push against hair cells.

A

True

52
Q

The macula of saccule is oriented __________ and may function when lying down.

A

Vertically

Physio Test 4 (5 decks)

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