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Neuro Exam 3 > Auditory Pathways > Flashcards

Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary afferent of the auditory pathway?

A

CN VIII - cochlear part

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2
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the cochlear nerve?

A

Spiral ganglion

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3
Q

Where does CN 8 go after leaving the spiral ganglion?

A

Enters the brainstem at pontomedullary junction - divides into ascending and descending bundles

Synapses at cochlear nuclei

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4
Q

At the cochlear nuclei, where do the ascending and descending bundles synapse?

A

Ascending bundles:
Anterior division of ventral cochlear nucleus

Descending bundles:
Posterior division of ventral cochlear nucleus
Dorsal cochlear nucleus

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5
Q

What does the dorsal cochlear nucleus identify?

A

Identifies sound elevation

Identifies complex characteristics of sounds

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6
Q

What is the action of the ventral cochlear nucleus?

A

Horizontal localization of sound

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7
Q

Describe the monaural tract.

A

Cochlear nerve fibers enter cell bodies located in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

Fibers cross to the contralateral side via the dorsal acoustic stria

Ascend in the lateral leminiscus

Synapse at the inferior colliculus - nuclei of the lateral leminiscus

Travel through the brachium of the inferior colliculus to synapse at the medial geniculate nucleus

Will then travel through sublenticular limb of internal capsule to synapse at Layer 4 of the primary auditory cortex

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8
Q

Describe the binaural tract.

A

Cochlear nerve fibers enter cell bodies in the ventral cochlear nucleus

Fibers project bilaterally passing through the trapezoid body to the superior olivary nucleus (medial + lateral)

Fibers from the medial and lateral olivary nucleus ascend along lateral leminiscus to inferior colliculus (nuclei of lateral leminiscus)

Will travel through brachium of inferior colliculus to synapse at medial geniculate nucleus

Fibers then travel through sublenticular limb internal capsule to synapse at layer 4 of primary auditory cortex

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9
Q

What is conduction deafness?

A

Deficit related to obstructed transformation of sound to TM or ossicle chain

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10
Q

What is sensorineural deafness?

A

Results from damage to cochlea, cochlear nerve, and cochlear nuclei

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11
Q

What is central deafness?

A

Damage to central pathways

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12
Q

What does the Basilar artery supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Cochlea

Auditory nuclei of pons and medulla

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13
Q

What does the Labyrinthine artery supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Inner ear

Cochlear nuclei

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14
Q

What does the Short circumferential branches of the Basilar artery supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Superior olivary complex

Lateral Leminiscus

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15
Q

What do the Superior cerebellar and Quadrigeminal arteries supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Inferior colliculus

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16
Q

What does the Thalamogeniculate artery supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Medial geniculate bodies

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17
Q

What does the M2 segment of MCA supply in regards to the auditory pathway?

A

Primary auditory and association cortices

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18
Q

What artery supplies the cochlea?

A

Basilar artery

19
Q

What artery supplies the Lateral leminiscus?

A

Short circumferential branches of Basilar a.

20
Q

What artery supples the primary auditory and association cortices?

A

M2 segment of MCA

21
Q

What artery supplies the auditory nuclei of pons and medulla?

A

Basilar artery

22
Q

What artery supplies the Cochlear nuclei?

A

Labyrinthine artery

23
Q

What artery supplies the Superior olivary complex?

A

Short circumferential branches of Basilar a.

24
Q

What artery supplies the inferior colliculus?

A

Superior cerebellar a.

Quadrigeminal a.

25
Q

What artery supplies the Medial geniculate bodies?

A

Thalamogeniculate a.

26
Q

What artery supplies the inner ear?

A

Labyrinthine a.

27
Q

Occlusion of AICA results in what?

A

Monaural hearing loss

Occludes:
Emerging fibers of facial nerve
Pontine gaze center

Also results in ipsilateral facial paralysis and inability to look toward side of lesion

28
Q

In most humans, the left hemisphere is dominant. What are the analogous Wernike’s and Broca’s area responsible for in the right hemisphere?

A

Analogous Wernike’s = interpreting non-verbal signals (ex: sarcasm)

Analogous Broca’s = producing non-verbal communication - emotional gestures, intonation of speech

29
Q

Describe how language is produced.

A

Primary auditory cortex –> auditory discrimination

Auditory association cortex –> classification of sounds (language versus other sounds)

Wernike’s area –> auditory comprehension, vocabulary

Subcortical connection –> link Wernike’s to Broca’s

Broca’s area –> instructions for language output

Oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex –> cortical output to speech muscles

30
Q

What connects Wernike’s to Broca’s?

A

Arcuate fibers

31
Q

What occurs at Broca’s area?

A

Word processing

Grammar

Word production

Articulation

32
Q

What occurs at the lateral temporal cortex?

A

Semantic knowledge

Word recognition (meaning)

33
Q

What occurs at Wernike’s area?

A

Word representation

Word retrieval

34
Q

What is arcuate fasciculus responsible for?

A

Word repetition

35
Q

What occurs at dorsal premotor cortex in regards to language?

A

Motor programs for articulation

36
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to identify an object

You can see what it is but you don’t know what it is

37
Q

What is auditory agnosia?

Where is the lesion?

A

Inability to describe a sound
You can hear the ambulance but you can’t tell me the sound came from the ambulance

Lesion = auditory association cortex

38
Q

What is Wernike’s aphasia? Fluent or non-fluent?

A

Receptive or fluent aphasia
Defect in the comprehension of language

Unable to understand language, read (Alexia), or write (agraphia)

39
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia? Fluent or non-fluent?

A

Expressive or non-fluent aphasia

Loss of ability to speak fluently, can understand

40
Q

What happens with a global lesion? Fluent or non-fluent?

A

Results in non-fluent aphasia

Lesion at the lateral sulcus = Wernike’s + Broca’s affected

41
Q

What happens with a transcortical lesion? Fluent or non-fluent?

A

Sensory or motor loss
Sensory = fluent, ACA-MCA border zone infarction
Motor = nonfluent, MCA-PCA border zone infarction

Can repeat

42
Q

What is conduction aphasia? Fluent or non-fluent?

A

Fluent aphasia

Lesion at the supra marginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus
Can’t repeat
Intact fluency, good comprehension
Speech interrupted by word finding difficulties
Reading intact, writing impaired

43
Q

What is anomic aphasia?

A

Word finding deficiency

Can repeat

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