Auditory Pathologies Flashcards
What is a conductive hearing loss?
A hearing loss in the outer and middle ear; specifically, the conduction of sound to the cochlea
What is a Wernicke’s Aphasia and how does it affect hearing loss?
difficulty with speech production but can understand speech.
What is dysplasia vs aplasia?
Dysplasia is a developed auricle but is abnormal WHILE aplasia is deformed auricle
What is agenesis vs stenosis?
Agenesis is the absence of an auricle
Stenosis is the narrowing of the ear canal
What is a sensorineural hearing loss
Loss or damage to the hair cells that causes HL.
Swimmer’s Ear is also known as?
Otitis externa
What are some of the middle ear pathologies?
- perforated eardrum
- otitis media
- otosclerosis
- Mastoiditis
What is Meniere’s disease caused by?
Meniere’s is caused by excessive buildup of the endolymph fluid
Conductive hearing loss is caused by pathologies to the?
Outer and Middle Ear
What is Ossicular Discontinuity and what are some of the complications?
when a severe head injury/impact can cause breakdown of ossicular chains, typically between incus and stapes
General Auditory agnosia is what? what are the symptoms?
awareness of sounds but not consciously recognized, would be able to identify them but not identify what they are/what produced the sound.
symptom: when a sound is heard, they may turn their head but still say they didn’t hear anything
Hyperacusia is referred to as?
the ability to detect sounds at abnormally low intensities.
-sounds may seem unpleasantly loud
Exploding head syndrome is?
experiencing large sounds originating from within the head
What is Phonoagnosia? Is it associative or apperceptive?
- Impaired processing of voice; can’t process the voices of people they know; issue in the right hemisphere. they can tell if your male/female, they can read pragmatic cues AKA voice blindness
- this is an associative agnosia
Differences between a word deafness vs a cortical deafness?
- cortical deafness is related to elevated thresholds, problems with music perception, non-speech sound recognition, and speech sound recognition
- word deafness is specific to words and not associated with elevated hearing thresholds
T or F? A verbal auditory agnosia and word deafness are the same thing?
True
What is Tinnitus? What are some etiologies that come with it?
-the perception of sound (ringing/buzzing) in the absence of external stimuli
-etiologies include
Noise exposure
Meniere’s disease
Presbycusis
What are the cortical networks?
- Amygdala
- Medial Ventral Frontal cortex
- Nucleus Accumbens
What role does the amygdala play in hearing?
Contributes to the emotional response hearing. Ex: in tinnitus or hyperacusia
What is phonophobia?
fear of sound, environment sounds
What is misophonia?
having a negative attitude towards sounds, related to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Noise induced hearing loss primarily affects what frequencies?
Higher Frequencies
Bilateral lesion vs Unilateral lesion symptoms?
??????
What is an apperceptive HL and what are some of them?
Apperceptive Agnosia is failure in recognition due to deficits in perceptual processing
- associative agnosia is difficulty identifying objects
What is an associative HL and what are some of them?
What is the Brainstem auditory evoked response?
- a test done to measure the brain wave activity that occurs to certain tones/clicks
- done on every child born in PA
Some Ototoxic drugs are?
**ANYTHING w/ MYCIN!! neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin or large doses of aspirin
Ototoxic drugs induce what type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Acquired Amusia is?
difficulty recognizing music or reproducing these tunes; another form of auditory agnosia. Nonverbal auditory agnosia. Can also be expressed in tone deafness.
No difficulties with understanding speech or environmental sounds. Caused by lesions of the right hemisphere (superior temporal and supramarginal gyri).
Environmental sound agnosia is?
-rarely occurs in isolation, usually occurs with others. Difficulty recognizing environmental sounds
Issues with hearing acuity vs sensitivity?
Acuity is being able to distinguish between sounds while Sensitivity affects threshold limits
what role does the extralemniscal pathway play in hearing?
What is the pathway for auditory information? Starting after the basal ganglion..
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia and how hearing is related?
What is atresia?
Complete closure of the ear canal
- congenital atresia is accompanied by agenesis (absence of the auricle)
What is dichotic listening?
A complication of otitis media is what?
mastoiditis
What does amplitude modulated mean?
Chondritis cauliflower ear is what?
scratching, lacerating, bacteria or viral infection that causes a deformation of the auricle
Heschl’s gyrus plays what role in hearing?
This is the primary auditory cortex
What is does frequency modulated mean?
Fibers from neurons in the thalamus comprise a white matter structure called the:
Auditory Radiations
Which of the following is not a disorder of the auricle:
Swimmer’s Ear
Failure of the eustachian tube to open up results in:
NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE IN THE MIDDLE EAR, because the infection will consume the air in that space and that will cause negative pressure
Otosclerosis most frequently affects the
Stapes
Symptoms of Meniere’s disease
Tinnitus, vertigo, and Sensorineural HL
What is the Definition of cortical deafness?
POOR HEARING SENSITIVITY AND INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE SOUNDS WITH NO DAMAGE TO THE HEARING APPARATUS
Bilateral lesions of auditory cortex in the temporal lobe result in:
AN INCREASE IN HEARING THRESHOLD BUT RETENTION OF THE ABILITY TO HEAR SOUNDS
Which of the following is not consistent with general auditory agnosia:
MODERATELY TO SEVERE ABNORMAL PERIPHERAL HEARING
Auditory information must reach what in order to be consciously recognized:
Primary Auditory Cortex
Long term noise exposure depends on what?
Intensity of the noise AND Length of exposure
