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Basic Audiology > Auditory Disorders > Flashcards

Auditory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence

A
  • vestibular system
  • opening in the bony labyrinth of the superior semicircular canal
  • vertigo, oscillopsia, autophony, and possible hearing loss (sensorineural)
  • surgery to plug dehiscence
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2
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A
  • vestibular system
  • calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) become dislodged and fall into the semicircular canals
  • vertigo, dizziness, balance problems
  • should resolve on it’s own, but a physician can perform a Dix-Hallpike maneuver
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3
Q

Meniere’s disease

A
  • inner ear
  • imbalance of endolymph with an unknown cause
  • vertigo, low SNHL, aural fullness, low-pitched tinnitus
  • diet change, surgery, infusions, medication
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4
Q

Enlarged vestibular aqueducts

A
  • inner ear/vestibular system
  • malformed vestibular aqueducts due to genetic mutation
  • SNHL
  • hearing aids, cochlear implant, speech therapy
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5
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss/acoustic trauma

A
  • inner ear
  • loss of hearing due to loud noise exposure
  • muffled sounds, tinnitus, reduced speech comprehension
  • ear protection, hearing aids, cochlear implant
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6
Q

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss/sudden deafness

A
  • inner ear
  • sudden loss of hearing of 30 dB or more that develops over a period of 3 days and is a hearing loss across 3 continguous frequencies of unknown cause
  • sudden hearing loss
  • corticosteroids, hearing aids, cochlear implant
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7
Q

Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD)

A
  • auditory nerve
  • affects how the brain processes sound, even though they may hear sounds normally (can be genetic, head injuries, frequent ear infections)
  • difficulty understanding speech, mishearing words, language delays, easily distracted, trouble following directions
  • auditory training, hearing aids, speech therapy
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8
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A
  • auditory nerve
  • benign tumor that forms on the eighth cranial nerve
  • hearing loss unilaterally, tinnitus, balance issues, vertigo, headaches, nausea, dysphagia, blurred vision
  • surgery, radiation therapy
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9
Q

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder/auditory dyssynchrony

A
  • auditory nerve
  • nerve cells of the eighth cranial nerve do not fire in sync as they should, which disrupts the nerve’s ability to transmit sound properly (despite normal ear function)
  • hearing loss, poor speech perception, hearing changes frequently
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10
Q

Tympanic membrane perforation

A
  • middle ear
  • rupture in the tympanic membrane caused by otitis media, barotrauma, or foreign objects
  • pain, hearing loss, high infection risk
  • healing naturally, tympanoplasty for larger perforations
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11
Q

Ossicular disarticulation/dyssynchrony

A
  • middle ear
  • ossicles disarticulate due to trauma
  • hearing loss, tinnitus
  • prosthetics
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12
Q

Labyrinthitis

A
  • inner ear
  • viral infection where the labyrinth of the inner ear is inflamed
  • balance issues, vertigo, tinnitus, aural fullness
  • rest, antibiotics, corticosteroids
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13
Q

Vestibular neuritis

A
  • auditory nerve
  • eighth cranial nerve is inflamed due to viral infection
  • vertigo, imbalance, vomiting and nausea, motion sensitivity
  • medications, physical therapy
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14
Q

Ototoxicity

A
  • inner ear
  • damage to the cochlea from drugs or chemicals
  • tinnitus, balance issues, dizziness, oscillopsia
  • hearing aids, cochlear implant
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15
Q

Vestibulotoxicity

A
  • vestibular system/nerve
  • poisoning of vestibular system/nerve by drugs or chemicals
  • blurred vision, unsteadiness, dizziness, nausea
  • hearing aid, cochlear implant
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16
Q

Tinnitus

A
  • other
  • noises heard in the head, many possible causes
  • can be subjective (ringing, buzzing, roaring) or objective (mechanical, whooshing, clicking)
  • medication, masking device, hearing aid, neuromodulation, chemo
17
Q

Malingering/non-organic hearing loss/functional hearing loss

A
  • other
  • faking a hearing loss for financial gain or attention
  • use stenger test, lombard test, or stapedial reflex test
18
Q

Extosis (surfer’s ear)

A
  • outer ear
  • bony outgrowths in the EAC because of irritation from repetitive cold water exposure
  • no symptoms, possible hearing loss if outgrowths are very large
  • surgery, prevention techniques
19
Q

Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

A
  • outer ear
  • infection of the tissues lining the EAC due to bacterial infection or fungus
  • pain
  • topical treatments, antibiotics, prevention
20
Q

Anotia

A
  • outer ear
  • complete absence of ear due to DNA malformations or maternal drug exposure
  • hearing loss
  • reconstructive surgery
21
Q

Atresia

A
  • outer ear
  • absence or closure of the ear canal due to genetic and environmental factors during pregnancy
  • hearing loss
  • surgery, hearing aids, prosthetics
22
Q

Microtia

A
  • outer ear
  • abnormality or the outer ear due to prenatal factors like vitamin deficiencies and maternal drug use
  • possible hearing loss
  • surgery, prosthetics, hearing aids
23
Q

Otitis media

A
  • middle ear
  • bacterial/fungal/viral infection of the middle ear
  • ear pain, trouble sleeping and hearing, loss of appetite
  • antibiotics, myringotomy, pressure equalization tubes
24
Q

Glomus tumor

A
  • middle ear
  • benign tumor growing in the middle ear
  • pulsing sound of blood flow, bleeding in one ear, potential hearing loss
  • surgical removal, radiation, endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA)
25
Q

Cholesteatoma

A
  • middle ear
  • benign growth of skin cells and debris caused by retraction pocket in TM, repeated infection, or eustachian tube dysfunction
  • bad smelling discharge, aural fullness, and a pearly white mass
  • tympanomastoidectomy (surgery), ossicular reconstruction, antibiotics
26
Q

Otosclerosis

A
  • middle ear
  • outgrowth of the bony wall of the inner ear, usually around the stapes footplate (strong hereditary component, but may also be caused by viral infections)
  • gradual and progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, possible vertigo
  • stapedectomy, stapedotomy, hearing aid, cochlear implant
27
Q

Presbycusis

A
  • inner ear
  • hearing loss that comes with age
  • SNHL (affecting higher pitches), reduced speech recognition, symmetrical HL
  • hearing aids, cochlear implant, speech reading, auditory training
28
Q

Temporal bone fractures

A
  • inner ear
  • closed head injury fracturing the temporal bone
  • bloody otorrhea and hymotympanum, SNHL, balance issues
  • ossicular chain reconstruction, cochlear implant

Basic Audiology (1 decks)

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