Audition 1 and 2 (sound and the ear) Flashcards
when tuning fork vibrates, it creates air _______ and air _______
Compression and rarefaction/decompression
Sound is produced by ______ fluctuations in the air
Pressure
Sine wave and air pressure
- In up phase of the wave, high air pressure
- Low phase of wave = low air pressure
Amplitude shows the degree of _______
Compression
higher amplitude = _____quieter/louder sound
Louder
higher frequency = _____shorter/longer wavelength
Shorter
Sound pressure/intensity (Pascals) measures …
Force exerted by air molecules.
Loudness
Psychological perception of sound intensity.
* Measured in decibels (dB), relative to the smallest perceivable pressure.
Logarithmic scaling of loudness
Intensity increases faster than decibels
+10 dB = 10× increase in intensity.
0dB = intensity ratio of 1, smallest perceivable pressure
Intensity
How much fluctuation in air pressure there is (in pascals)
Change in sound intensity between 10dB and 20dB
10^3 - 10^2 = 1000-100 = 900 pascals
Air pressure is the … associated with perceived loudness
objective physical phenomenon
Loudness is a _______ perception
Subjective
________ are more representative of our loudness perception
Decibels (dB)
Pitch
The psychological aspect of sound related mainly to the fundamental frequency.
frequency (Hz)
Number of cycles (peak to base) per second.
pure tones
Sounds that only have one frequency
Higher frequency = higher ____
Pitch
different combinations of ______ and _______ level will be perceived with different subjective loudness.
Frequency and pressure
Equal-loudness curve
A graph plotting sound pressure level (dB SPL) against the frequency for which a listener perceives constant loudness.
2 units for measuring objective air pressure
pascal, decibels
phon
Unit used in the equal-loudness curve which corresponds to the dB value of the curve at 1k Hz.
Each of the points on the equal loudness curve will be associated with an equal subjective perception of ________.
Loudness
E.g.
Sounds of 70dB at 0.2 kHz, and 60 dB at 1 kHz will sound equally loud (60 phons).
If 2 sounds have the same ____ number , they will be perceived equally as loud (even if they do not have the same decibels)
Phon