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AUD > Audit Engagement Field Work > Flashcards

Audit Engagement Field Work Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of substantive testing?

A

Tests of transactions

Tests of details

Analytical procedures

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2
Q

What is the most persuasive evidence?

A

evidence that is externally generated and obtained by the auditor directly from the source

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3
Q

How can detection risk be reduced more than anticipated?

A

performing more substantive testing than planned

perform tests that provide better quality evidence

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4
Q

How far into the future must an auditor be concerned about a going-concern?

A

a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months from the balance sheet date

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5
Q

Why are substantive tests performed?

A

to reduce detection risk for an account balance or group of accounts so that audit risk for one or more relevant assertion is reduced to an acceptable level

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6
Q

What is meant by subsequent period?

A

the time between the balance sheet date and the date the audit report is issued

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7
Q

Which management assertion is being tested when an auditor starts with a reported balance and seek support through internal documentation?

A

vouching usually seeks to substantiate existance

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8
Q

Which management assertion is being tested when an auditor starts with transactions and traces the recording of those activities through the accounting system?

A

tracing seeks to substantiate completeness

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9
Q

What happens if the client does not sign a letter of representation?

A

this is a material lack of evidence and could lead to a qualified or disclaimer of opinion

the auditor could also withdraw

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10
Q

Other than disclosure what issue must an auditor verify in connection with related party transactions?

A

make sure the transaction actually occurred as indicated

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11
Q

How does an auditor go about searching for related-party transactions?

A

names of officers, subsidiaries, major investors on documentation supporting the transactions

transactions near the end of the year that had or could have had a significant impact on the F/S

transactions that do not conform to the standards, conditions, or terms of traditional transactions, such as loans without repayment schedules

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12
Q

Why are estimates of special concern to an auditor?

A

there is less objective evidence for accounting estimates

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13
Q

What 2 ways does an auditor go about substantiating the estimates found in the client F/S?

A

evaluate the system or method

evaluate the reasonableness of the estimate

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14
Q

How can the auditor gain evidence about the reasonableness of an estimate?

A

examine process used to develop the estimate

examine the methodology and accuracy of similar estimates

review subsequent events for additional info and support for the reasonableness of estimates

hire an outside specialist to evaluate the estimate

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15
Q

What signals might the auditor encounter that would indicate a possible going-concern situation?

A

recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations

negative working capital

need for troubled restructuring of debt

default on existing debt

major dollar amount lawsuits or pending lawsuits

declared but unpaid stockholder dividends

loss of key customers and/or vendors

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16
Q

What happens if a going-concern situation is discovered?

A

request managements plans as to how this doubt will be resolved or at least lessened and the company can remain in business for the next 12 months

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17
Q

What happens if an auditor is satisfied with the plans by management over a going-concern?

A

neither the audit report or the F/S are impacted

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18
Q

What happens if an auditor is not satisfied with the pans by management over a going-concern?

A

add an explanatory paragraph after the opinion paragraph

if the doubt is severe a disclaimer may be appropriate

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19
Q

What is the purpose of working papers?

A

indicates nature, extent, and timing of all the audit procedures that were performed

indicates sufficient appropriate evidence that was obtained from these procedures

indicates which member of the audit team were responsible for the procedures, including date, who reviewed and the date of review

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20
Q

How does the auditor decide on the nature an extent of documentation that is needed for each account being examined?

A

the RMM associated with the account balance or class of transactions

the extent of judgment that was exercised and conclusions that were reached

the nature of procedures performed and significance to the assertion

nature and extent of exceptions uncovered

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21
Q

Which members of management are supposed to sign the representation letter?

A

CEO, CFO and any other party with sufficient knowledge of the entity’s F/S

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22
Q

When should the representation letter be signed?

A

the date that sufficient appropriate evidence has been obtained

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23
Q

In what respects does the representation letter relieve an auditor’s other responsibilities?

A

no other responsibilities are relieved it is a required procedure

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24
Q

What are some steps an auditor takes after an engagement has been accepted?

A

visit predecessor auditor for a second time to review audit documentation from previous audit

make a preliminary assessment of the size of a material misstatement

for each group of accounts and for each management assertion, set an acceptable level of audit risk

assess the inherent risk of material misstatement occurring within the AIS

assess control risk

plan for securing sufficient appropriate evidence through substantive testing to reduce detection risk

25
Q

What is an audit plan?

A

The audit plan is the document that proves the audit was properly designed and planned as required by GAAS

26
Q

Why is an audit plan required?

A

The first standard of field work requires adequate planning. Also helps to keep costs reasonable and minimizes possible client misunderstandings.

27
Q

When is an audit plan finalized?

A

The auditor does not know the extent of substantive testing until after the initial assessment of IR and CR. The audit plan is continually updated and revised in response to new info gathered during the audit so it is not finalized until the audit is compete.

28
Q

What is the purpose of the management rep letter?

A

acknowledges management responsibility for the F/S

states its belief that the F/S are presented fairly in accordance with GAAP

states its responsibility for correcting any MM

indicates its responsibility for the design and implementation of programs and controls to prevent and detect fraud

documents certain representation made to the auditor during the audit engagement

29
Q

What role does the audit committee perform within the entity?

A

responsible for hiring, firing, retention and compensation of the external auditor

liaison between BOD and the external auditor.

resource to the auditors for discussing significant transactions

oversees the work of the internal audit department

30
Q

When are analytical procedures performed during an audit?

A

Required - preliminary stages, final stage

Maybe performed - as a substantive test

31
Q

What action should an auditor take in response to a possible misstatement?

A

evaluate materiality

seek evidence to corroborate the MM

uncorrected misstatements by themselves may be immaterial but material in the aggregate the auditor must keep this in mind in evaluating the effects of misstatements on the F/S

32
Q

What disclosure is required of related-party transactions?

A

the nature and the terms of the transactions

33
Q

After issuing an opinion, the auditor discovers additional info about the client’s F/S presentation not previously known by the auditor. What is the auditor’s responsibility?

A

under normal conditions, an auditor has no further responsibility once an audit opinion has been rendered.

if the info about the F/S after the opinion, the auditor must evaluate whether the original opinion can be supported. if the validity of the opinion is in question the auditor must investigate the matter further

depending on the nature and materiality of the info, the auditor may need to notify the users of the F/S that the audit report may no longer be relied upon

34
Q

Can a company disclose that the terms and conditions of a sale would be the same for a 3rd party as a transaction with a related-party sale that occurred during the year?

A

this type of disclosure is allowed though the claim must be substantiated.

if it can not be substantiated a scope limitation qualification may result

35
Q

If an auditor reviews several significant contracts of the client, as well as 76 sales invoices. What documentation is required for this work?

A

For contracts either abstracts or copies

For invoices some indentification of them must be kept for example specific ID #’s or criteria for examination

36
Q

list some of the conditions that would likely increase the assessment of the risk of fraud during substantive testing

A

transactions are not recorded timely

unsupported or unauthorized account balances or transactions

last-minuted adjustments in the financial records that significantly affect the financial results

evidence of certain employees’ access to various portions of the AIS that is inconstant with their duties

37
Q

How does an auditor use analytical procedures to develop expectations?

A

client historical financial info

client budget or forecast

competitor information

industry averages

financial and non-financial internal relationships

38
Q

What type of testing might performed due to suspected fraud during an audit?

A

surprise inspection of physical assets

asset counts and inspections at or close to year-end

oral confirmations of certain large balances that have been previously confirmed only in writing

detailed review of large transactions

interviews with employees in high risk areas

analytical procedures and substantive testing of vulnerable assets

39
Q

What types of representations are normally included in the management rep letter?

A

management responsibility for the F/S

that all records, data, and minutes have been made available to the auditor

that all material transactions have been properly recorded

that no fraud has occurred involving management with a significant role in internal control

that no fraud has occurred that would have a material impact on the F/S

that there is no knowledge of any allegations of fraud by any employees or third parties

that proper disclosure has been made of all related-party transactions, guarantees, contingencies, litigation issues, and similar items

40
Q

how is credibility of evidence evaluated?

A

evidence is more reliable when it is obtained from knowledgeable independent sources

evidence that is generated internally is more reliable when the related controls imposed by the entity are effective

evidence obtained directly by the auditor is more reliable than evidence obtained indirectly or by inference

evidence is more reliable when it exists in documentary form

evidence provided by original documents is more reliable than evidence provided by photocopies or facsimiles.

41
Q

What are the two types of occurrences examined in the subsequent period?

A

transactions and events that provide evidence about a balance or transaction that existed at the B/S date that requires adjustment in or disclosure to the F/S

42
Q

When is the hiring of specialist normally encountered?

A

when dealing with situations that go beyond the expertise of the auditor such as

percentage of completion for long-term construction

valuation of specialized items such as art, jewelry and complex financial contracts

43
Q

How does the hiring of specialist impact the audit report?

A

under normal conditions there is no impact on the audit report

if the work of the specialist has led the auditor to give an opinion other than unqualified, then the name of the specialist can be mentioned

44
Q

When is the auditor required to inform those charged with governance?

A

questionable significant accounting policies and practices being used

alternative methods available for the accounting and disclose of material financial info

written and oral communications between the audit and the management of the company concerning significant issues, including disagreements

45
Q

What info is found in the current file of the client’s audit documentation?

A

the audit program

all evidence gathered to substantiate the opinion

explanation of all significant problems encountered during the audit and their resolution

46
Q

What info is found in the permanent file of the client’s audit documentation?

A

data that normally remains unchanged for a period of years and has ongoing applicability to the client’s situation

general ledger account #’s

organizational charts

copies of bond indentures

copies of multi-year lease agreements

47
Q

Who might server on a client’s audit committee?

A

members of the BOD that are independent of managment

48
Q

How does an auditor determine the reliability of a specialist?

A

inquire about educations, certification, licensing, client list and work references

as well as the independence though not absolutely required reliance is impacted

49
Q

How much info should the auditor provide to the specialist about the assignment?

A

the specialist should understand what is needed and the use that will be made of the specialist’s work

50
Q

Which management assertions is being tested when an auditor seeks to determine whether any assets have been pledged as security for a loan?

A

presentation, disclosure and rights and obligations

51
Q

What examples of conflicting or missing evidence would increase the assessment of the likelihood of fraud?

A

missing documents

documents that appear to have been altered or changed

original documents are no longer available, so copies are the documents being used

significant unexplained items appear in certain reconciliations

inconsistent or vague responses are given by management and other employees to explain unusual differences found during analytical procedures

inventory and/or other significant assets are missing

52
Q

Why is an auditor interested in the ID of all related-party transactions?

A

they must be disclosed so they need to be ID’d to verify the presentation and disclosure assertion

they increase the risk of misstatement due to fraud since they are generally not arm’s-length transactions and increase the risk they are not valued the same as transactions with independent 3rd parties

53
Q

List some examples of situations that might take place between the auditor and management that would probably increase the auditor’s assessment of the likelihood of fraud in the F/S presentation.

A

restricting auditor access to records, facilities, employees or customers

undue audit time pressures imposed by management

unusual delays by management in providing requested info

unwillingness by management to allow the auditor to apply computer-assisted audit techniques in the client’s AIS

unwillingness on the part of management to revise reported figures or disclosures as recommended by the auditor

54
Q

What steps should the CPA take to ensure that the fair value determinations were appropriately handled?

A

review the company’s controls used in determining fair value measurements

evaluate the expertise and experience of those individuals who where involved in the fair value determination

learn of any significant assumptions that were used to arrive at fair value

review the process used by the client to monitor and assess asset impairment amounts and any changes in the underlying assumptions that were used in arriving at fair value

55
Q

How would the independent auditor go about corroborating the reported amount for a company building?

A

examine the valuation model for reasonableness and accuracy in computation. consider alternative valuation models and determine whether these models are more appropriate

make sure management’s assumptions are consistent with market information, the economic environment, and any past experience.

look for any subsequent events that might assist in evaluation management’s valuation method or amount

56
Q

Why does the independent auditor make an assessment of the internal auditor?

A

it can influence the assessment by the external auditor of IR and CR

57
Q

How is the competency of the internal auditor evaluated?

A

review job description of the internal auditor

consider the person’s or group’s education, training, certification and experience

examine some of the work produced by the internal auditor

reviews audit policies, procedures, programs and supervision activites

58
Q

How is the objectivity of the internal auditor evaluated?

A

make certain the internal auditor is not prohibited from doing testing whenever and wherever considered necessary

ID whom the internal auditor reports

59
Q

Can the external auditor utilize work performed by the internal auditor?

A

if the internal auditor has been assessed as competent and objective then they may be used for many of the audit tests

AUD (20 decks)

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