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Audiologh > Audiology > Flashcards

Audiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you need to practice audiology

A

Au.D (a clinical doctoral degree

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2
Q

is this description for an audiologist or SLP - Focuses on how we produce speech

A

SLP

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3
Q

is this description for an audiologist or SLP - Focuses on how we receive speech signals

A

Audiology

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4
Q

True or false - Audiology and SLP programs are licensed by individual state

A

t

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5
Q

SLP or Audiology?
-more diagnostic
- treatment focuses on correcting underlying mechanism
-more elderly patients
-4 year doctoral

A

Audiology

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6
Q

SLP or Audiology?
- less diagnostic
- treatment focuses on rehabilitation
- more pediatric patients
-2 years master degree

A

SLP

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7
Q

Vibration in air

A

sound

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8
Q

back and forth motion of an object (oscillation)

A

vibration

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9
Q

the simplest form of sound vibration is produced by

A

simple harmonic motion

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10
Q

True or False- a characteristic of a simple harmonic motion is the timing (rate) of the oscillation doesn’t stay constant

A

f

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11
Q

Cycle or Frequency - each complete repetition of the motion

A

Cycle

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12
Q

Cycle or Frequency - the number of cycles that occur during each second

A

Frequency

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13
Q

dying out of the oscillation over time

A

damping

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14
Q

restoring force

A

elasticity

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15
Q

when prong moves outwards neighboring air molecules are pushed together. This is called …

A

compression (condensation)

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16
Q

When prongs continue inward, the air molecules to continue to move, spreading them out more than they would be at ambient pressure. This is called…

A

rarefaction

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17
Q

Compression or Rarefaction
increased (higher) pressure, positive peak on sine, air molecules close together

A

compression

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18
Q

sounds produced by object vibrating in simple harmonic motion

A

pure tones

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19
Q

Compression or Rarefaction
decreased (lower) pressure, negative peak on sine, air molecules farther apart

A

rarefaction

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20
Q

Sound waves are longitudinal waves

A

because air molecules vibrate in same direction

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21
Q

What way do transverse waves vibrate

A

up and down at right angles, molecules move vertically (up and down)

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22
Q

Where is the vestibular system located

A

inner ear

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23
Q

What is the vestibular system responsible for

A

balance

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24
Q

semicircular canal

A

detects angular accelerations - when you turn your head

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25
Q

Saccule and Utricle system is activated by what?

A

by linear accelerations

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26
Q

VOR - Vestibulo- ocular Reflecx

A

VOR cause eyes to move towards the side that is sending a stronger signal - stabilizes our vision by offsetting head movement, allowing your vision to remain fixed

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27
Q

Is excitation from the left side or right

A

left side

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28
Q

is inhibition from the left side or right

A

right

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29
Q

What are the three semicircular canals

A

superior canal
posterior canal
lateral canal

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30
Q

Sine Waves or sinusoids represent pure tones

A

analysis of complex sounds (Fourier analysis)
clinical audiology tests

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31
Q

Simple harmonic motion is also known as … and it generates …

A

sinusoidal motion and it generates a sine wave

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32
Q

upward part of sine wave (in the positive) is what? (compression? rarefaction?)

A

compression (of air molecules)

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33
Q

relationship between two identical sine waves that are displaced in time

A

Phase

34
Q

Sine waves and other waves that repeat themselves over time are called

A

periodic

35
Q

one complete replication of a periodic wave

A

cycle

36
Q

time it takes to complete one cycle

A

period (t)

37
Q

of cycles that occur per second

A

frequency (f)

38
Q

distance travelled by the wave in 1 period - distance covered by one cycle

A

Wavelength

39
Q

As frequency increased the period and wavelength of a sine wave …

A

decreases

40
Q

What is the relationship between period and frequency

A

inverse

41
Q

true or false - when the period is shorter less cycles can fit into one second

A

f - MORE cycles can fit into one second

42
Q

true or false - shorter periods of rarefaction and condensation result in higher frequencies

A

true

43
Q

… refers to the size or magnitude of a sine wave

A

Amplitude

44
Q

When two waves are exactly in phase

A

Reinforcement /constructive interference

45
Q

when the two waves are exactly out of phase (180 degrees) the amplitude of the combined waved is zero

A

Cancellation/Destructive Interference

46
Q

combination of two or more pure tones with different frequencies

A

complex wave

46
Q

Aperiodic

A

Does not repeat itself over time

47
Q

fundamental frequency

A

lowest frequency component of a complex periodic wave

48
Q

harmonic

A

integer (whole number) multiple of the fundamental frequency

49
Q

is 0 dB HL normal human hearing

A

yes

50
Q

true or false - you can’t have negative on the dB HL scale

A

false

51
Q

SLM- Sound level meter

A

pick up sounds of all frequencies within a certain range
determines magnitude of the sound

52
Q

Divides right from left- Midsagittal place= midline

A

Sagittal Plane

53
Q

Divides top from bottom
horizontal plane

A

Transverse Plane

54
Q

is dextral right or left

A

right

55
Q

is sinistral right or left

A

left

56
Q

shorthand for right ear is Auris Dextra or Auris Sinistra

A

auris dextra

57
Q

shorthand for left ear is Auris Dextra or Auris Sinistra

A

Auris Sinistra

58
Q

is rostral towards the head or towards the tail

A

towards the head

59
Q

is caudal towards the head or towards the tail

A

towards the tail

60
Q

divides front from back

A

coronal plane

61
Q

dorsal is to the back or toward the belly

A

back

62
Q

ventral towards the back or towards the belly

A

belly

63
Q

collects sound and funnels it to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
changes the spectral (frequency) characteristics of sound which aids in sound localization

A

Outer Ear

64
Q

Sound wave cause eardrum to vibrate setting the bones in the middle ear into motion

A

Middle Ear

65
Q

Turns mechanical vibrations into neural signals
sorts sounds into different frequencies
Neural signals are sent from auditory nerve to the brain

A

Inner ear (cochlea)

66
Q

What surrounds the ear canal, middle ear, inner ear

A

the temporal bone

67
Q

what do the squamous, petrous, mastoid, and tympanic make up

A

temporal bone

68
Q

thin and fan -like
lateral aspects of the bone
lies anterior and superior to the ear canal

A

squamous portion

69
Q

posterior portion of the bone
lies posterior to the ear canal
contain air cells
extends posteriorly from petrous portion, below and behind the squamous portion

A

mastoid portion

70
Q

forms the inferior and anterior walls of the ear canal
inferior to the squamous and petrous portion and anterior to the mastoid portion

A

tympanic portion

71
Q

pyramid shaped
projects medially from the other 3 portions
only visible in medial view
contains sensory organs of hearing and balance, and the internal auditory canal

A

Petrous portion

72
Q

location of sound source in the horizontal plane

A

azimuth

73
Q

location of sound in the vertical plane

A

elevation

74
Q

Head- Related Transfer Function (HRTF)

A

shows changes in sound level due to the presence of the head, pinna, and ear canal, as a function of frequency

75
Q

Ear canal has a resonant frequency of 3000-4000 Hz

A

results in a gain in sound amplitude in that frequency region
boost of as much as15-20 dB

76
Q

Head shadow effect

A

high frequency sounds have wavelengths that are smaller, so they cannot bend around the head

77
Q

Interaural Time Difference

A

Sound will arrive to the nearer ear sooner than the far ear
occurs at all frequencies

78
Q

Pinna Effect

A

diffraction and reflection of sound waves by the pinna modify the transmission of high frequency sounds

79
Q

binaural cues

A

are used as sound localization when two ears are present

80
Q

is this interaural level differences or interaural time differences when spl at near ear is greater than at far ear due to head shadow effect, exits for high frequencies

A

interaural

81
Q
A

Audiologh (1 decks)

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