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Finals > Audio final > Flashcards

Audio final Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Wax Clylinders history?

A

The Wax cylinder was the first practical sound recording and reproduction device.

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2
Q

What was the Gramophone discs history?

A

The gramophone disc was credited to Emile Berliner.

It was introduced into the United States in 1889

Was invented by Thomas Edison

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3
Q

Who invented the magnetic recording?
What year?

A

Oberlin Smith in 1877

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4
Q

Who invented the optical film process?
What year?

A

Lee De Forest in 1919

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5
Q

Who invented magnetic tape?
What year?

A

Fritz Fleumer in 1927

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6
Q

Who invented the first tape recorders?
What year?

A

By engineers at AEG (Germany) in 1933

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7
Q

Who invented the first portable audio recorder?

A

Stefan Kudelski in 1951

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8
Q

What does Nagra mean in polish

A

“It records”

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9
Q

What was the first audio recorder recorded on?

A

Magnetic tape reels

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10
Q

What was the first commercial portable recorder?

A

The 1957 Nagra III

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11
Q

When was the Nagra IV released?
What three attributes did it have?

A

1970
Mono 2 inputs
High quality preamps
Heavy

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12
Q

Who invented the Multi track recording?
When and where was it invented

A

Ross Snyder
It Was invented in 1955 at Ampex

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13
Q

When did Lee Paul use the first multi track recording?

A

in the 1950s

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14
Q

Who invented the Pulse Code modulation (PCM)?

A

Alec Reeves in 1937

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15
Q

What companies developed digital recording?

A

NHK and Nippon Columbia in the
1960s

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16
Q

What company developed digital multi track recording using magnetic tape?
What decade?

A

Sony, Studer and Mitsubishi
1980s

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17
Q

What decade did stereo overtake mono in commercial audio?

A

1970s

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18
Q

What is sound?

A

Vibrating air molecules where vibration passes from one air molecule to another, creating a wave

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19
Q

Sound vs Noise

A

Sound is everything we can hear

Noise is sound we don’t want to hear

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20
Q

What is Hertz (HZ)

A
  • Cycles per second
  • 100 hz is 100 cycles
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21
Q

What is Kilohertz (kHz)/(k)

A

Represents 1000 cycles
1K is 100 cycles per second

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22
Q

What does the sample rate determine?

A

The high frequency limit of sound that can be recorded

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23
Q

What must the sample rate be to be recorded

A

Sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency?

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24
Q

What is the most common sample rate for audio in film?

A

48 kHz

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25
Q

What does the bit determine?
What does each bit represent?

A

Determines the dynamic range of the recording
Each bit represents 6db of dynamic range

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26
Q

What are balanced cable attributes?

A
  • Reduced electro-magnetic interference (noise)
  • positive wire
  • Negative wire
  • Ground wire
27
Q

What are the unbalanced cable attributes?

A
  • More susceptible to noise
    2 wires: Positive, Negative/Ground
28
Q

Are XLR cables balanced or unbalanced?

A

Balanced

29
Q

Are mini plug balanced or unbalanced?

A

Unbalanced

30
Q

Attributes of a high pass filter?

A

Allows frequencies above setting to pass throughš

Frequencies below setting are eliminated

31
Q

Attributes of a low pass filter?

A

Allows frequencies below setting to pass throughš

Frequencies above setting are eliminated

32
Q

What does slate mean?

A

Refers to making some kind of signal at the beginning of each shot/take

33
Q

What is the Threshold of pain?

A

140

34
Q

What is the frequency range of human hearing?

A

20 Hz to 20 kHz

35
Q

What does normalize gain do?

A

Increases waveform amplitude to a given level and it’s the easiest way to raise gain to the highest level

36
Q

Attributes of the audio suite?

A

Renders the waveform with the chosen processing
š
Can’t be undone later.

37
Q

Attributes of insert plugins?

A

Applies the chosen processing in real-time playback
š
Can be adjusted anytime.

šPuts processing burden on system

38
Q

What are the three phases of an acoustic “life cycle” that can be emitted in a room?

A
  • Direct sound
  • Early reflections
  • Reverberant sound
39
Q

What is timbre?

A

The perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.

40
Q

What is sound envelope?

A

Describes how sound changes over time.

41
Q

What is psycho acoustics?

A

Deals with the human perception of sound. psycho acoustics is concerned with the relationship of our subjective response to such sound waves

42
Q

Reverberation vs echo

A

An echo is the result of the reflected sound from the original sound and is distinctly audible. Reverberation is the result of multiple reflection of sound waves and the sound persists for some time

43
Q

Dry v live acoustics

A

The wet signal is the processed or affected part of the sound, while the dry signal is the original or unaffected part

44
Q

What is sample rate?

A

Sample rate is the number of samples taken per second

45
Q

What is bit rate?

A

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second

46
Q

What is the default sample and bit rate for audio I?

A

Sample rate - 48K
Bit rate - 24

47
Q

WAV v AIFF?

A

AIFF contains mega data, WAV does not

48
Q

Side vs end address

A

Side allows sound from the side of the microphone.
End allows sound from the end of the microphone

49
Q

What does the Omni directional pattern do?

A

Picks up sound equally in all directions

50
Q

What does the Bi directional pattern do?

A

Picks up sound in two directions: Front and back

51
Q

What does the cardioid pattern do?

A

Picks up sound from the front of the microphone and not at all from the back

52
Q

What does the hyper cardioid pattern do?

A

Has a narrow pickup pattern but some rear pickup

53
Q

What does the shotgun mic pattern do?

A

Has a fairly narrow club shape but these types vary in patterns

54
Q

How to do a basic volume graph in pro tools?

A

1) Change to volume from waveform in the track view menu

2) Activate the smart tool and hover the mouse above the blue volume graph line

3) Click and drag the line to adjust the volume

55
Q

How to make volume graph points in pro tools?

A

1) Switch to the grabber tools

2) Grab the blue points and adjust as you please

56
Q

How to clip gain in pro tools?

A

1) Click down on the clip gain slider

2) While holding down move your mouse up or down

57
Q

Different between clip and track

A

Clip is the audio file you’ve imported, track is the place you put the audio file

58
Q

How to zoom in and out in pro tools?

A

Zoom in - T
Zoom out - R

59
Q

What does the smart tool do in?

A

Let’s you use 3 tools at the same time

60
Q

What does the trim tool do?

A

Use the Trim tool to shorten or lengthen a clip by dragging its head or tail

61
Q

What does the grabber tool do?

A

Allows you to move clips

62
Q

How to cut clips up?

A

Command and E

63
Q

What does the selector tool allow you to do?

A

Allows you to position the cursor to where you want it to be cut or where you want it to be played

Finals (4 decks)

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