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HEMA (ERYTHROCYTES) > AUBF Chapter 5 > Flashcards

AUBF Chapter 5 Flashcards

Ma RMT KOOOOO!!

1
Q

Defined as test using different reagents/methodologies

A

Confirmatory testing

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2
Q

Using tablets and chemicals

A

Non-reagent strip testing

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3
Q

Chemical parameters for which they are used

A

Specific confirmatory test

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4
Q

Slightly acidic

First morning specimen

A

pH 5.0-6.0

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5
Q

pH of normal random samples

A

pH 4.5-8.0

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6
Q

Reagents strip must be….

A

Package in opaque containers w/ dessicant

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7
Q

Clinical significance of pH

A

Acid base disorders

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8
Q

The precipitation of inorganic chemicals dissolved in the urine forms a

A

Urinary crystals and renal calculi

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9
Q

Principles of pH

A

Double-indicator system

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10
Q

Methy red produces a color?

pH?

A

Red to yellow

pH 4-6

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11
Q

Bromthymol blue produces a color?

pH?

A

Yellow to Blue

pH 5-9

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12
Q

Reagents of pH

A

Methy red and bromthymol blue

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13
Q

Clinical significance of protein

A

Renal disease

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14
Q

Clinical proteinuria is indicated (mg/dL)

A

30 mg/dL or greater (300 mg/L)

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15
Q

Is often associated w/ early renal disease

A

Proteinuria

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16
Q

Normal urine contains

A

Less than 10 mg/dL or 100 mg per 24 hrs

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17
Q

Produce by the renal tubular epithelial cells

A

Uromodulin

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18
Q

Another name for uromodulin

A

Tamm-horsfall protein

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19
Q

Caused by conditions affecting the plasma

A

Prerenal proteinuria

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20
Q

Associated with infection and inflammation

A

Acute phase reactants

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21
Q

Associated with true renal disease

A

Renal proteinuria

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22
Q

A persistent benign proteinuria occurs in young adults

A

Orthostatic proteinuria

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23
Q

Principle of protein

A

Protein error of indicators

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24
Q

Confirmatory test in protein

A

SSA (sulfosalicylic acid precipitation test)

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25
Q

Another name for micral test

A

Roche diagnostics

Indianapolis, IN

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26
Q

A gold labeled antihuman albumin antibody enzyme (strips)

A

Micral test reagents strips

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27
Q

Another name for immunoDip

A

Sakisui diagnostics

Framingham, MA

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28
Q

Uses a immunochromographic technique

A

ImmunoDip reagent strip

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29
Q

Confirmatory test for glucose

A

Glucose test

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30
Q

Most frequently peformed chemical analysis on urine

A

Glucose test

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31
Q

Principle of glucose

A

Double sequential enzyme reaction

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32
Q

Chromogens: multistix; color

A

Potassium iodide

Green to brown

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33
Q

Chromogens: chemstrip; color

A

Tetramethybenzidine

Yellow to green

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34
Q

Reagents for glucose (M)

A

Glucose oxidase
Peroxidase
Potassium iodide

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35
Q

Reagent for glucose (C)

A

Glucose oxidase
Peroxidase
Tetramethylbenzidine

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36
Q

Confirmatory test in glucose

A

Clinitest (cupper reduction test)

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37
Q

Clinical significance of glucose

A

D. Mellitus
Pancreatitis
Gestational diabetes

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38
Q

3 intermediate products of fat metabolism and their percentage

A

Acetone (2%)
Acetoacetic acid (20%)
p-hydroxybutyrate (78%)

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39
Q

Deficiency in urine

40
Q

Clinical significance of ketones

A

Fat metabolism
D. Mellitus
Starvation

41
Q

Principles of ketones

A

Sodium nitroprusside reaction

42
Q

Color reaction of ketones

43
Q

Sulfhydryl groups including…

May produce atypical color reactions

A

Mercaptoethane sulnate sodium (MESNa)

Captopril

44
Q

Reagents for ketones (M)

A

Sodium nitroprusside

45
Q

Reagents for ketones (C)

A

Sodium nitroprusside Glycine

46
Q

Confirmatory test for ketones

A

Acetest tablets

47
Q

Acetest provides..

A

Sodium nitroprusside, Glycine, disodium phosphate and lactose

48
Q

Clinical significance of the blood

A

Hematuria, myoglobinuria, hemoglubinuria

49
Q

Most closely related to renal disorders

Result of trauma/damage to organs of these systems

50
Q

May result from the lysis of RBC produced in the urinary tract
Result: from intravascular hemolysis and subsequent of filtering of hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobinuria

51
Q

A heme-containing protein found in muscles tissue.

A

Myoglobinuria

52
Q

Principle of blood

A

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

53
Q

Reagent used in blood

A

Tetramethylbenzidine

54
Q

Color reaction of the blood

A

Green-blue

55
Q

Higly pigmented yellow compound

A degradation product of hemoglobin

56
Q

Principle for bilirubin

A

Diazo rection

57
Q

Confirmatory test for bilirubin

58
Q

Clinical significance for bilirubin

A

Liver disease
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis

59
Q

Color reaction of bilirubin

A

Tan/pink to violet

60
Q

Regeant used in bilirubin (M)

A

Dichloroaniline diazonium salt

61
Q

Reagent used in bilirubin (C)

A

Dichlorobenzene diazonium salt

62
Q

Principle of urobilinogen (M)

A

Erlichs aldehyde reaction

63
Q

Principle of urobilinogen (C)

A

Azo coupling reaction

64
Q

Reagent strip for urobilinogen (M)

A

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehayde

65
Q

Reagent strip for urobilinogen (C)

Color reaction:

A

Methoxybenzene-diazonium tetraflouroborate

White to pink

66
Q

Principle of nitrite

A

Greiss reaction

67
Q

An inflammatory process of the kidney and adjacent renal pelvis

A

Pyelonephritis

68
Q

Clinical significance of nitrite

A

UTI

Cytitis

69
Q

Valuable for detecting initial bladder infection

A

Nitrite test

70
Q

Detection of increased urinary leukocytes

71
Q

Principle of leukocyte

A

Granulocyte test

72
Q

Color reaction of LE

A

Purple azodye

73
Q

False (-) results may occur in the presence of protein (mg/dL)

A

< 500 mg/dL

74
Q

False (-) results may occur in the presence of protein (mg/dL)

A

< 500 mg/dL

75
Q

Glucose may measure in false (-)

76
Q

Reagent strip for LE (M)

A

Pyrrole amino acid ester

77
Q

Reagent strip for LE (C)

A

Indoxylcarbonic acid ester

78
Q

Correlations of LE

A

Protein
Nitrite
Microscopic

79
Q

Principle of Specific gravity

A

Change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte

80
Q

Sensitivity of the specific gravity

A

1.000 to 1.030

81
Q

Reagent strip for SG

A

Bromthymol blue

82
Q

SG
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) higly alkaline urines

(+) high concentration of proteins

83
Q

Reaction time for SG

84
Q

Reaction time for bilirubin

85
Q

Reaction time for glucose

86
Q

Reaction time for Ketones

87
Q

Reaction time for pH, protein, blood, urobilinogen, nitrite

88
Q

Reaction time for LE

89
Q

Bilirubin
False (-)
(+)

A

(-) high concentration of nitrite

(+) higly pigmented urines

90
Q

Glucose
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-)High level of ascorbic acid/ ketones
High SG
(+) Contamination by oxidizing agents and detergents

91
Q

Ketones
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) high pigmented red urine, phthalein dyes

(+) improperly preserved urine

92
Q

pH
False (-)
False (+)

A

Bacterial growth and matabolism may cause marked increase

93
Q

Protein
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) microalbuminuria, proteins other than urine

(+) highly buffered interference urine

94
Q

Blood
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) higg specific gravity, formalin, captopril

(+) strong oxidizing agents, bacterial peroxidases

95
Q

Uro
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) old specimens, preservation in formalin

(+) highly pigmented urine

96
Q

Nitrite
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) non-reductase containing bacteria,
lack of urinary nitrate
(+) improperly preserved specimens

97
Q

LE
False (-)
False (+)

A

(-) high concentration of glucose, protein, oxalic/ascorbic acid
(+) strong oxidizing agents
Formalin

HEMA (ERYTHROCYTES) (3 decks)

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