Aubert et al., 2019 (sulawesi cave art)

Question 1

Previous to this discovery, the … cave art from … was the earliest cave art found that depicted humans and animals interacting in recognisable … - earliest known … art - dating back to around 40ma at most

+ therianthropes - humans was animal features or vice versa (e.g. lion man of hohlenstein-stadel) - perhaps communicated narrative fiction of some kind (e.g. folklore, religious myths, spiritual beliefs)

creative expression

Answer 1

Palaeolithic, Europe, scenes, figurative

Question 2

However, in this European record, scenes are generally … and chronologically …, dating back to around 21-14Ka

Answer 2

rare, late

-lascaux, France

Question 3

Therianthropes are also uncommon, the oldest being you know what (from 39-40ka)

Answer 3

poggis

Question 4

The cave art found in Sulawesi, …, depicts several … that appear to represent … hunting wild … and dwarf …. It has been dated to at least … ka. This is currently the oldest pictorial record of … and the earliest … art in the world.

Answer 4

Indonesia, therianthropes, pigs, bovids, 43.9ka, storytelling, figurative

Question 5

How was it dated?

Answer 5

Uranium-series analysis of overlying speleothems (mineral deposits)

Question 6

Non-figurative art from … ka has been found in Spain and attributed to …

Answer 6

65, neanderthals

• but claim has been questioned on various grounds

Question 7

Earliest European cave art is abstract ‘disc’ sign in El Castillo, Spain, from … ka

Answer 7

40. 8

- not figurative though

Question 8

Multiple therianthrope hunters confronting several prey animals of at least two …. May suggest a communal hunting strategy where hunters are flushed from cover and directed towards waiting hunters - evidence of ancient hunting strategies.

Answer 8

species

Question 9

Also possible depiction of …, which may have been used to capture live pigs, bovids and other animals

Answer 9

ropes

Question 10

This art is important as the ability to invent fictional stories may have been a crucial stage in the evolutionary history of the human …, and the development of modern patterns of ….

Answer 10

language, cognition