Atypical gender development

Question 1

What is gender dysphoria?

Answer 1

Psychological condition
There is a difference between an individuals biological sec and their gender identity.
May be a source of discomfort and stress.

Question 2

What does the DSM-5 say about the gender dysphoria symptoms?

Answer 2

Must be present for at least 6 months
Those with intersex conditions cannot be diagnosed with gender dysphoria.

Question 3

Explain the social explanation of social construction.

Answer 3

Gender identity does not reflect underlying biological differences between people, these concepts are invented by society.
Gender confusion arises because society forces people to either be man or woman.
Not a pathological condition but a social phenomenon.

Question 4

Study in Sambia of New Ginea

Answer 4

McClintock
Case of individuals with a genetic condition.
Some bio males to be categorised as girls at birth because they have a labia and a clitoris.
At puberty genitals change because of large increase in testosterone
Testes decent and the clitoris enlarges into a penis.
This is common and is routinely accepted.

Question 5

Explain the Psychoanalytic theory.

Answer 5

Ovesey and Person
Emphasise social relationships within he family as the cause of gender development.
GD in biological males is caused by a boy experiencing extreme separation anxiety before gender identity has been established.
Boy fantasises of a symbiotic fusion with his mother to relieve the anxiety, and the dance of separation is removed.
The boy becomes the mother and thus adopts a women’s gender identity.

Question 6

What did Stroller say?

Answer 6

Interviews
GD biological males displayed overly close relationships with their mothers suggesting stronger female identification.
Conflicted gender identity in the long term.

Question 7

Explain brain sex theory.

Answer 7

Brain structure are incompatible with biological sex.
Focuses on the dimorphic areas.
BTSc is concerned with emotional responses and is larger in males.

Question 8

What are dimorphic areas?

Answer 8

Areas different in males and females.

Question 10

What study did Zhou do?

Answer 10

Six transgender individuals.
Found that the neurone number was within female range.