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Developmental Psychology > Atypical Development > Flashcards

Atypical Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Atypical development?

A

The extremes of individual differences in development

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2
Q

Why is it hard to define?

A

Individual differences in:

  • rate of development across different children
  • peoples traits, strengths and weaknesses
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3
Q

Autism, ADHD, William’s syndrome are types of what?

A

Neurodevelopmental conditions

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4
Q

Define regression?

A

A period where a particular skill is developing along a typical trajectory but then a child looses aspects of this skill (language and motor skills mainly)

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5
Q

Who is regressions typically seen in?

A

Autism spectrum

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6
Q

What is this used for:

Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales

A

Measuring development

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7
Q

What is involved in the semi-structured interview with parent/caregiver?

A
  1. Communication - receptive, expressive, written
  2. Daily living skills - personal, domestic, community
  3. Socialisation - interpersonal relationships, play time, coping skills
  4. Motor skills - gross motor, fine motor
  5. Maladaptive behaviour (optional) - internalising/externalising
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8
Q

Name 3 types of standardised tests

A

Generalised intelligence tests

  • weschler scales
  • weschler intelligence scales for children
  • british ability scales
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9
Q

Name 3 specific experimental designs

A

Facial perception
Theory of mind
Response inhibition

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10
Q

6 tasks to test

A
  1. figure weights
  2. visual puzzles
  3. matrix reasoning
  4. vocabulary
  5. similarities
  6. digit span
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11
Q

It is important to pick an appropriate _____ when identifying atypical development

A

Control group

match to mental ability of peers

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12
Q

What to bear in mind when investigating atypical development?

A

Compare against appropriate control groups and consider over ability and profiles of strengths and weaknesses - look at skill and ability over time

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13
Q

Standardised scores are based on ___ samples and therefore can be scaled to account for factors such as __ and ____ (if necessary

A

Normative
Age
Gender

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14
Q

How do you get raw scores scaled?

A

By converting to standard scores

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15
Q

Name 4 benefits of using standardised scores

A
  1. enables researchers to standardise performance across different groups, tests etc
  2. provide common language for discussion
  3. easily interpretable
  4. number of different ways to standardise scores
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16
Q

What method is used to calculate standardised scores?

A

Look-up-table

17
Q

Name 3 developmental conditions caused by genetics

A

Williams syndrome
Downs syndrome
16p.11.2

18
Q

Name a condition caused by the environment

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

19
Q

Name 3 disorders with unknown causes

A

Autism spectrum
ADHD
Intellectual disability

20
Q

Should atypical development always be viewed negatively?

A

No

21
Q

How many different genes do people have?

A

21,00

22
Q

DNA contains _____ for building proteins

A

Instructions

23
Q

Genetic abnormalities can either occur when there are either ___ ___ or ____ ___ occurrences of particular genes

A

Too many

Too few

24
Q

What additional cops of a chromosome do downs syndrome people have?

A

Chromosome 21

25
Q

When chromosomes are either deleted or duplicated what are they labelled as?

A

Copy number variants

26
Q

Short arms are labelled ___

Long arms are labelled ___

A

P (petite)

Q

27
Q

What are chromosome regions labelled with?

A

Numbers -

Lower numbers represent a region of the chromosome that is closest to the centre

28
Q

What causes William’s syndrome?

A

Spontaneous deletion at chromosome 7q11.2.

29
Q

What characterises William’s syndrome?

A 
Distinct faces appearance 
Cardiac abnormalities 
High sociable personality 
Atypical cognitive profile 
Connective tissue abnormalities
30
Q

How many people does William’s syndrome affect?

A

Rare - 1 in 10,000

31
Q

What strengths and weaknesses do William’s syndrome people have?

A

Strengths - verbal IQ

Weaknesses - performance IQ

32
Q

Name 5 diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A
  1. abnormal facial features e.g. smooth ridge between upper nose and upper lip
  2. small head
  3. low body weight
  4. hyperactive behaviour
  5. attention difficulty
  6. poor reasoning and judgment skills
33
Q

Is is clear how much alcohol is needed to lead to FASD?

A

No

  • depends on when during the gestation period it is consumes
  • binge drinking leads to more severe symptoms
34
Q

What percent of people in school have it in Canada?

A

2-3%

35
Q

What is the affect of ethanol in FASD?

A

Alter DNA and protein, synthesis and inhibit cell migration, leading physical and cognitive changes

36
Q

does intellectual disability interact with other conditions?

A

Yes e.g. autism

37
Q

How many people does intellectual disability affect?

A

10.4 in every 1000 (1.4%)

38
Q

What is the diagnostic based on for intellectual disability?

A

IQ evaluation
investigation of adaptive behaviour
Classified as mild, moderate, severe or profound

39
Q

Name the IQ score for mild, moderate, severe or profound for intellectual disability

A

52-69 - mild
36-51 - moderate
20-35 - severe
< 19 - profound

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