Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C2/axis/epistropheus Flashcards
what names are given to c2?
axis or epistropheus
what unique vertebral BODY modification is characteristic of c2?
the dens or odontoid process
how many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of c2?
five
what joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of c2?
facet for focea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sights for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical dental ligament
what is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental ligament and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?
kyphotic dens
what joint surfaces are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of c2?
anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves, and cancellous bone
how many joints are formed at the INFERIOR part of c2?
five
what joint classifications are present at the INFERIOR part of c2?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndosmosis, modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
how many joint surfaces are present at the VERTEBRAL BODY of c2?
ten
what joint classifications are present at the VERTEBRAL BODY of c2?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
what ligament forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal ABOVE c2?
membrane tectoria
what ligament forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal BELOW c2?
posterior longitudinal ligament
what lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of c2?
the superior articular process
what is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
on the lamina-pedicle junction
what attaches to the lamina of C2?
obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum