attitudes towards family as a social unit Flashcards
what was the Bolshevik view on family
radical Bolsheviks family was seen as an outdated institution
what was introduced in 1918
the family code
what did family code of 1918
aimed to liberate women by giving them by rights and freedoms such as
divorce made easier as didn’t need a reason (postcard divorces)
attacks on church
abortion legalised
creches encouraged
homosexuality legal,
could be seen as trying to get more women into work during the civil war.
consequences of the family code of 1918
Russia had highest divorce rate in Europe at the time
50% of marriages in Moscow broke down, abortions 3:1 live birth.
rise in orphans.
what did Stalin initially do
followed Lenin’s family policy
What did Stalin introduce and what year
The great retreat 1936
why did Stalin introduce great retreat
government was concerned with the detrimental effects of family breakdown
what did Stalin’s great retreat introduce
divorce made 12x more expensive,
free marriages living together but wasn’t legally protected,
male homosexuality illegal, but women wasn’t,
voluntary abortion outlawed, pregnant
women gave greater rights e.g., paid maternity leave.
Gold rings came back, more creches and day care centres.
Tax on single people to encourage marriage, divorce made harder.
2 years prison for men who didn’t pay child support.
could be seen as Indoctrinate and control.
what changes did Khrushchev introduce
promoted the family as a ‘social unit’. More traditional
1960 49% of the workforce were women.
To help elderly family relatives (female) moved in e.g. grandmother they were called ‘babushki’ to save money old people can do housework and created multi-generational units.
More health benefits to support family, housing benefit K7, abortion legalised in 1955.
Inadequate wasn’t funded correctly so women had to work and look after the home.
What did Brezhnev change
reinforced traditional values
what policy did Brezhnev introduce
New family code of 1968
what problems did Brezhnev face to push him to reform.
Population growth low at 0.8%
Birth rate down
Average family 1.9 children
Shortage of housing a problem but housing built. Some people now single occupancy flats but still a shortage
Alcoholism an issue, average consumption for an adult was 18 was 18 these a year double of 1970. Led to ¼ of deaths by 1980 from cirrhosis, pancreatitis, heart disease, road deaths and deaths.
Divorce rates rose 1/3 ended in divorce.
Family code of 1968 couples needed to give 1 months notice before marrying
Pregnant women couldn’t divorce.
The communist accepted they couldn’t replace traditional value so accepted it
conclusion
1918 tried to replace but not destroy but 1936 onwards tried to support traditional families values rather than replacing
biggest change was the serious problem that were caused by policies
