Attitudes In Society Flashcards
What were conscientous objectors
People who refused to be “called up” when conscription was introduced
Reasons why people objected
Religious reasons e.g. quakers.
Pacifist.
Conscientious objectors were forced to go to
Military tribunal ( court) to argue their case
When the objection was accepted then
They would be sent to prison
Or tske up a non fighting roles in the army
How many Conscientious objectors were there in WW1
In WW1 there was 16,000 conscientious objectors.
7000 sent to prison
9,500 forced to fight or given non fighting role
WW1 attitudes to conscientious objectors
Shunned by family and friends .
Sometimes they recieved hate mail or white festhers as a sign of cowardice
Why was it hard for conscientious objectors after the wars
It was hard to get employment as employers were prejudice against them
WW2 attitudes to conscientious objectors
Still recieved hostility e.g. teachers who object were sacked.
Still,lose friends and family etc
How many conscientious objectors were there in WW2
60,000 conscientious objectors in WW2.
50,000 forced to enlist or join in non fighting roles.
Only 6,000 sent to prison
3000 objectors were accepted
“Changes in reporting - 1914
Only 1 journalist ( an army officer ) reports from the battlefield
Changes in reporting - 1916
November 1916 5 journalists allowed on the front line
Changes in reporting - 2003
700 reporters part of Coalitian forces in Iraq.
Many more worked independently in the warzone
New media such as tv’s , satellites and the internet has revolutionised reporting this has had an impact on
Public attitudes
In WW1 numbers of volunteers fell due to
The amount of casualties reported lead to conscription in 1916.
Since 1945 public attitudes to war have
Decreased .In 2003 , a million protestors marched against the war in Iraq.People are more likely to oppose the human and financial costs of war.
Censorship - In WW1 the government used censorship to
Keep public morals high and to hide the worst news from the public.
How did the government censor things
Soldiers letters were read and censored.Newspapers could be shut down if they criticised the goverment.
The BBC had a key role in informing the public and “self censored”
Why was propoganda used
To build support for the war and encourage men to volunteer.Often suggested the Germans were evil and had to be defeated.
What was propaganda
Informstion used to influence public opinion.
Modern Reporting and censorship - New technology makes it hard to to control information
In 1991, bombing in Iraq was reported before the war had been offcially declared to the public
Is information still censored ?
Some information is still censored and Journalists still support a patriotic view.For example In Iraq 2003journalists reports were read before publication and Iraqi civilian casualties were only reported later
Why did changing in public attitudes occur ?
Reporting of war.
Bloodshed and destruction shown clearly e.g. 2003 bombing shownnlive on tv.
Cost of war is now huge.£6,000 for a spitfire in WW2 whereas £2.4 billion for “Trident” Uk nuclear missiles.
Humans cost more greater.Casualties in the millions not thousands
