Attitudes In Society

Question 1

What were conscientous objectors

Answer 1

People who refused to be “called up” when conscription was introduced

Question 2

Reasons why people objected

Answer 2

Religious reasons e.g. quakers.
Pacifist.

Question 3

Conscientious objectors were forced to go to

Answer 3

Military tribunal ( court) to argue their case

Question 4

When the objection was accepted then

Answer 4

They would be sent to prison
Or tske up a non fighting roles in the army

Question 5

How many Conscientious objectors were there in WW1

Answer 5

In WW1 there was 16,000 conscientious objectors.
7000 sent to prison
9,500 forced to fight or given non fighting role

Question 6

WW1 attitudes to conscientious objectors

Answer 6

Shunned by family and friends .
Sometimes they recieved hate mail or white festhers as a sign of cowardice

Question 7

Why was it hard for conscientious objectors after the wars

Answer 7

It was hard to get employment as employers were prejudice against them

Question 8

WW2 attitudes to conscientious objectors

Answer 8

Still recieved hostility e.g. teachers who object were sacked.
Still,lose friends and family etc

Question 9

How many conscientious objectors were there in WW2

Answer 9

60,000 conscientious objectors in WW2.
50,000 forced to enlist or join in non fighting roles.
Only 6,000 sent to prison
3000 objectors were accepted

Question 10

“Changes in reporting - 1914

Answer 10

Only 1 journalist ( an army officer ) reports from the battlefield

Question 11

Changes in reporting - 1916

Answer 11

November 1916 5 journalists allowed on the front line

Question 12

Changes in reporting - 2003

Answer 12

700 reporters part of Coalitian forces in Iraq.
Many more worked independently in the warzone

Question 13

New media such as tv’s , satellites and the internet has revolutionised reporting this has had an impact on

Answer 13

Public attitudes

Question 14

In WW1 numbers of volunteers fell due to

Answer 14

The amount of casualties reported lead to conscription in 1916.

Question 15

Since 1945 public attitudes to war have

Answer 15

Decreased .In 2003 , a million protestors marched against the war in Iraq.People are more likely to oppose the human and financial costs of war.

Question 16

Censorship - In WW1 the government used censorship to

Answer 16

Keep public morals high and to hide the worst news from the public.

Question 17

How did the government censor things

Answer 17

Soldiers letters were read and censored.Newspapers could be shut down if they criticised the goverment.
The BBC had a key role in informing the public and “self censored”

Question 18

Why was propoganda used

Answer 18

To build support for the war and encourage men to volunteer.Often suggested the Germans were evil and had to be defeated.

Question 19

What was propaganda

Answer 19

Informstion used to influence public opinion.

Question 20

Modern Reporting and censorship - New technology makes it hard to to control information

Answer 20

In 1991, bombing in Iraq was reported before the war had been offcially declared to the public

Question 21

Is information still censored ?

Answer 21

Some information is still censored and Journalists still support a patriotic view.For example In Iraq 2003journalists reports were read before publication and Iraqi civilian casualties were only reported later

Question 22

Why did changing in public attitudes occur ?

Answer 22

Reporting of war.
Bloodshed and destruction shown clearly e.g. 2003 bombing shownnlive on tv.
Cost of war is now huge.£6,000 for a spitfire in WW2 whereas £2.4 billion for “Trident” Uk nuclear missiles.
Humans cost more greater.Casualties in the millions not thousands