Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 1

ADHD: Criteria A

Answer 1

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by (1) inattention and/or (2) hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 2

ADHD: Criteria A - inattention

Answer 2

6 (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities:
Note: The symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or failure to understand tasks or instructions. For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least 5 symptoms are required.
- Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during activities (e.g., overlooks or misses details, work is inaccurate)
- Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities (e.g., has difficulty remaining focused during lectures, conversations, or lengthy reading).
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly (e.g., mind seems elsewhere, even in the absence of any obvious distraction)
- Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., starts tasks but quickly loses focus and is easily sidetracked)
- Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (e.g., difficulty managing sequential tasks; difficulty keeping materials and belongings in order; messy; disorganized work; has poor time management; fails to meet deadlines)
- Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (e.g., schoolwork or homework; for older adolescents and adults, preparing reports, completing forms, reviewing lengthy papers)
- Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, phone)
- Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli (for older adolescents and adults, may include unrelated thoughts).
- Is often forgetful in daily activities (e.g., doing chores, running errands; for older adolescents and adults, returning calls, paying bills, keeping appointments)

Question 3

ADHD: Criteria A - hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 3

6 (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities:
Note: The symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or a failure to understand tasks or instructions. For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least 5 symptoms are required.
- Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat
- Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected (e.g., leaves his or her place in the classroom, in the office or workspace, or in other situations that require remaining in place)
- Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate (Note: in adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless)
- Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
- Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor” (e.g., is unable to be or uncomfortable being still for extended time, as in restaurants, meetings; may be experienced by others as being restless or difficult to keep up with)
- Often talks excessively
- Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed (e.g., completes people’s sentences; cannot wait for turn in conversation)
- Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn (e.g., while waiting in line)
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations, games, or activities; may start using other people’s things without asking or receiving permission; for adolescents and adults, may intrude into or take over what others are doing)

Question 4

ADHD: Criteria B

Answer 4

Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years

Question 5

ADHD: Criteria C

Answer 5

Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in 2 or more settings (e.g., home, school, work; with friends or relatives; in other activities)

Question 6

ADHD: Criteria D

Answer 6

There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic, or occupational functioning

Question 7

ADHD: Criteria E

Answer 7

The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication or withdrawal)

Question 8

Specify whether:

Answer 8

• Combined presentation: If both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are met for the past 6 months
• Predominantly inattentive presentation; If inattention is met but hyperactivity-impulsivity is not met for the past 6 months
• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation: If hyperactivity-impulsivity is met and inattention is not for the past 6 months

Question 9

Specify if:

Answer 9

in partial remission: when full criteria were previously met, fewer than the full criteria have been met for the past 6 months, and the symptoms still result in impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning

Question 10

Specify current severity:

Answer 10

Mild: Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis are present, and symptoms result in no more than minor impairments in social or occupational functioning
Moderate: Symptoms or functional impairment between “mild” and “severe” are present
Severe: Many symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis, or several symptoms that are particularly severe, are present, or the symptoms result in marked impairment in social or occupational functioning