attention deficit disorder

Question 1

what is Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 1

behavioural disorder characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention (lack of attention), which can lead to functional impairment such as psychological, social, educational or occupational difficulties

note symptoms can co-exist or some patients may have one

Question 2

what is the aim of treatment for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

• reduce severity of symptoms, functional impairment and improve quality of life

Question 3

what is the non-drug treatment for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 3

• emphasise importance of a balanced diet, good nutrition and regular exercise
• Environmental modifications e.g seating arrangements, lighting and noise, reducing distractions. this can help reduce impact of ADHD on daily life
• ADHD focused psychological interventions e.g cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

Question 4

when can a patient be started on drug treatment for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 4

when symptoms are still causing significant impairment in at least one area of function, despite environmental modifications

Question 5

what is the first-line drug treatment for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 5

Stimulants: Lisdexamfetamine mesilate or methylphenidate hydrochloride

• if symptoms haven’t improved after 6 weeks, can switch to the other first line drug they haven’t tried.
• refer to specialist if patient unresponsive to one or more stimulants. specialist may consider treatment with the non-stimulant: atomoxetine

Question 6

how often should patients taking drug treatment for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) be reviewed

Answer 6

at least once a year and trials of treatment-free periods, or dose reductions considered where appropriate.