Attention (2) Flashcards
selective attention
paying attention to one thing while ignoring another
divided attention
how we do more than one thing at once
metaphors of facilitation of the target
spotlight
zoom lens
gain
resource allocation
metaphors of inhibition of surrounding area
filter
gate
bottleneck
resource allocation
directed attention
endogenous (coming from within)
controlled
primarily controlled by top down conceptually driven processes
captured attention
exogenous (coming from without)
automatic
primarily driven bottom up , data driven processes
Inattentional blindness
failure to notice the existence of an unexpected item (geurilla in scan)
change blindness
failure to notice an obvious change (flashing photos)
inattentional blindness and change blindness study
people walking with door
dichotic listening tasks
presented different audio to each headphone/ear
when shadowing attended channel
- people often cant even tell whether the unattended channel was non-sense or not
- cannot remember unattended channel
cocktail party effect
have to pay attention when hear name thrown in
does any information from unattended ear get though?
remember things from attended channel depending on what information was in unattended ear (river bank or money bank)
are you on an attention budget?
what gets through the filter seems to depend on what kind of processing is going on
why is it easier to shadow regular predictable messages
know what to expect so primes the appropriate detectors
does your name have a high or low activation baseline
low
repetition priming
- warming up one detector does not effect another
- no misleading repetition priming
expectation priming
- produces benefit when you get what you expect
- cost if you don’t get what you expect
unilateral neglect syndrome
an attentional deficit problem usually due to a stroke, don’t pay attention to one half of the world
cannot tell the aren’t paying attention to that space
space based attention
can we prime a location in similar way we prime a detector (arrow and letter study)
task specificity
certain tasks require task specific resources (spatial analysis interferes with spatial response)
task general
there is no limit to our performance in response to high demands of any two tasks regardless of their similarity
what is issue with phone when driving
attention
cognitive tools (executive processes)
can only be used for one task at a time
dual task performance
we are nearly always worse at trying to perform two tasks at a time than one at a time
response selection bottleneck
some things we can do simultaneously some we cannot
response selection we cannot do simultaneously
stroop task
word reading is dominant over colour naming
stroop neutral condition
colour patch
words not related to colour
stroop congruent
word written in same colour ink
stroop conflict
word written in different colour ink
divided attention
ability to pay attention to multiple things at once
channel segregation
keeping inputs and outputs of the two tasks straight
cross talk
if channels can be segregated concurrent performance may be possible
