Attention Flashcards
Divided Attention
Divided attention occurs when an individual must perform two tasks which require attention, simultaneously.
Joint attention
Joint attention is the focusing of attention on an object by two separate individuals
Directed attention
allows attention to be focused sustainably on a single task, in this
case a single orientation of the Necker cube.
Attention
focus/concentrating on something at the exclusion of the other stimuli in environment.
Exogenous /External Cues
Don’t have to tell ourselves to look for them in order for them to capture our attention Ex. Bright colors, loud noises,
“pop-out effect”)
Endogenous Cues / Internal Cues
Require internal knowledge to understand the cue and the intention to follow it E
Cocktail party Effect
ability to concentrate on one voice amongst a crowd. Or when someone calls your name
In-attentional blindness – aka Perceptual Blindness
we aren’t aware of things not in our visual field when our attention is directed elsewhere in that field. “miss something right in front of you”
Change blindness
fail to notice changes from a previous to a current state in environment.
Distal stimuli
are objects and events out in the world about you. Aware of and respond to this – this is what is important.
Proximal stimuli
are the patterns of stimuli from these objects and events that actually reach your senses (eyes, ears, etc.). It is the light that is actually falling on the retina.
Covert orienting
is the act of bringing the spotlight of attention on an object or event without body or eye movement.
Overt orienting
a person turns all or part of the body to alter or maximize the sensory impact of an event.
Attentional capture
occurs when attention is attracted by the motion of an object or stimulus.
Neglect syndrome
occurs when damage to the brain causes a change or loss in the capacity of the spatial dimension of divided attention.
Vigilance attention and signal detection
are processes that attempt to detect a signal or
target of interest. This allows responses to be primed and quick actions undertaken in
response to the signal or target of interest,
Executive attention
is involved in goal-directed behavior, monitoring conflicts between internal processes, and anticipating the effects of behavior. Dopamine from the ventral tegmental area is associated with executing attention.
Selective Attention
ability to focus on task at hand while ignoring other information.
Shadowing task
An experiment that studies selective attention. In this task, you are wearing headphones and they have two different sounds in each. The left ear hears one thing, the right ear another thing. Told to repeat everything said in one ear and ignore the other. Focus on one ear and ignore the other (selective attention). Based on the unattended information that we do and don’t end up comprehending -
Broadbent’s Early Selection Theory
All information in the environment goes into the sensory register
then the info gets transferred to a selective filter right away which identifies what you are supposed to be attending to via basic physical characteristics and filters out stuff in unattended ear based on things you don’t need to understand to identify
and finally information moves to perceptual processes identifies friend’s voice and assigns meaning to words. Then you can engage in other cognitive processes such as deciding how to respond.