Attempt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

SCP is used for

A

SCP is used to create limited in AWS accounts. For larger account organizations.

SCPs alone are not sufficient to granting permissions to the accounts in your organization. No permissions are granted by an SCP

An SCP defines a guardrail, or sets limits, on the actions that the account’s administrator can delegate to the IAM users and roles in the affected accounts.

The administrator must still attach identity-based or resource-based policies to IAM users or roles, or to the resources in your accounts to actually grant permissions.

SCPs DON’T GIVE permission - they just control what an account CAN and CANNOT grant via identity policies.

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2
Q

Which accounts are affected by SCP policy

A

Member accounts can only be affected,

MANAGEMENT accounts cannot.

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3
Q

SCP are applied to

A

orginization OU

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4
Q

SCP FullAWSAccess

A

allows by default. need to add deny policy to restrict.

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5
Q

SCP Allow LIst

A

to implement, you will need to remove the FullAWSAccess and by doing that, only the SCP implicit default deny is in place and active. This leave room to explicitly add any allow policy.

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6
Q

How does SCP overlaps with Identity Policy?

A

SCP Limits before the Identity Policy

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7
Q

Terminate instance in ASG

A

terminate-instance-in-auto-scaling-group –instance-id

Following required option
–should-decrement-desired-capacity

–no-should-decrement-desired-capacity

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8
Q

ASG process - Launch

A

Adds instances to the Auto Scaling group when the group scales out, or when Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling chooses to launch instances for other reasons, such as when it adds instances to a warm pool

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9
Q

ASG process - Terminate

A

Removes instances from the Auto Scaling group when the group scales in, or when Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling chooses to terminate instances for other reasons, such as when an instance is terminated for exceeding its maximum lifetime duration or failing a health check.

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10
Q

ASG process - AddToLoadBalancer

A

Adds instances to the attached load balancer target group or Classic Load Balancer when they are launched. For more information, see Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute traffic across the instances in your Auto Scaling group.

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11
Q

ASG process - AlarmNotification

A

Accepts notifications from CloudWatch alarms that are associated with dynamic scaling policies. For more information, see Dynamic scaling for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling.

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12
Q

ASG process - AZRebalance

A

Balances the number of EC2 instances in the group evenly across all of the specified Availability Zones when the group becomes unbalanced, for example, when a previously unavailable Availability Zone returns to a healthy state. For more information, see Rebalancing activities.

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13
Q

ASG process - HealthCheck

A

Checks the health of the instances and marks an instance as unhealthy if Amazon EC2 or Elastic Load Balancing tells Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling that the instance is unhealthy. This process can override the health status of an instance that you set manually. For more information, see Health checks for Auto Scaling instances.

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14
Q

ASG process - InstanceRefresh

A

Terminates and replaces instances using the instance refresh feature. For more information, see Replace Auto Scaling instances based on an instance refresh.

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15
Q

ASG process - ReplaceUnhealthy

A

Terminates instances that are marked as unhealthy and then creates new instances to replace them. For more information, see Health checks for Auto Scaling instances.

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16
Q

ASG process - ScheduledActions

A

Performs the scheduled scaling actions that you create or that are created for you when you create an AWS Auto Scaling scaling plan and turn on predictive scaling. For more information, see Scheduled scaling for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling.

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17
Q

Scenario 1: Launch is suspended

A

AlarmNotification is still active, but your Auto Scaling group can’t initiate scale-out activities for alarms that are in breach.

ScheduledActions is active, but your Auto Scaling group can’t initiate scale-out activities for any scheduled actions that occur.

AZRebalance stops rebalancing the group.
ReplaceUnhealthy continues to terminate unhealthy instances, but does not launch replacements. When you resume the Launch process, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling immediately replaces any instances that it terminated during the time that Launch was suspended.

InstanceRefresh does not replace instances.

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18
Q

Scenario 2: Terminate is suspended

A

AlarmNotification is still active, but your Auto Scaling group can’t initiate scale-in activities for alarms that are in breach.

ScheduledActions is active, but your Auto Scaling group can’t initiate scale-in activities for any scheduled actions that occur.

AZRebalance is still active but does not function properly. It can launch new instances without terminating the old ones. This could cause your Auto Scaling group to grow up to 10 percent larger than its maximum size, because this is allowed temporarily during rebalancing activities.

Your Auto Scaling group could remain above its maximum size until you resume the Terminate process.
ReplaceUnhealthy is inactive but not HealthCheck. When Terminate resumes, the ReplaceUnhealthy process immediately starts running. If any instances were marked as unhealthy while Terminate was suspended, they are immediately replaced.

InstanceRefresh does not replace instances.

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19
Q

Scenario 3: AddToLoadBalancer is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launches the instances but does not add them to the load balancer target group or Classic Load Balancer. When you resume the AddToLoadBalancer process, it resumes adding instances to the load balancer when they are launched. However, it does not add the instances that were launched while this process was suspended. You must register those instances manually.

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20
Q

Scenario 4: AlarmNotification is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling does not invoke scaling policies when a CloudWatch alarm threshold is in breach. When you resume AlarmNotification, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling considers policies with alarm thresholds that are currently in breach.

21
Q

Scenario 5: AZRebalance is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling does not attempt to redistribute instances after certain events. However, if a scale-out or scale-in event occurs, the scaling process still tries to balance the Availability Zones. For example, during scale out, it launches the instance in the Availability Zone with the fewest instances. If the group becomes unbalanced while AZRebalance is suspended and you resume it, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling attempts to rebalance the group. It first calls Launch and then Terminate.

22
Q

Scenario 6: HealthCheck is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling stops marking instances unhealthy as a result of EC2 and Elastic Load Balancing health checks. Your custom health checks continue to function properly. After you suspend HealthCheck, if you need to, you can manually set the health state of instances in your group and have ReplaceUnhealthy replace them.

23
Q

Scenario 7: InstanceRefresh is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling stops replacing instances as a result of an instance refresh. If there is an instance refresh in progress, this pauses the operation without canceling it.

24
Q

Scenario 8: ReplaceUnhealthy is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling stops replacing instances that are marked as unhealthy. Instances that fail EC2 or Elastic Load Balancing health checks are still marked as unhealthy. As soon as you resume the ReplaceUnhealthly process, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling replaces instances that were marked unhealthy while this process was suspended. The ReplaceUnhealthy process calls Terminate first and then Launch.

25
Q

Scenario 9: ScheduledActions is suspended

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling does not run scheduled actions that are scheduled to run during the suspension period. When you resume ScheduledActions, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling only considers scheduled actions whose scheduled time has not yet passed.

26
Q

Maximum instance lifetime

A

When Launch or Terminate are suspended, the maximum instance lifetime feature can’t replace any instances.

27
Q

Spot Instance interruptions

A

If Terminate is suspended and your Auto Scaling group has Spot Instances, they can still terminate in the event that Spot capacity is no longer available. While Launch is suspended, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling can’t launch replacement instances from another Spot Instance pool or from the same Spot Instance pool when it is available again.

28
Q

Capacity Rebalancing

A

If Terminate is suspended and you use Capacity Rebalancing to handle Spot Instance interruptions, the Amazon EC2 Spot service can still terminate instances in the event that Spot capacity is no longer available. If Launch is suspended, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling can’t launch replacement instances from another Spot Instance pool or from the same Spot Instance pool when it is available again.

29
Q

Attaching and detaching instances

A

When Launch and Terminate are suspended, you can detach instances that are attached to your Auto Scaling group, but while Launch is suspended, you can’t attach new instances to the group.

30
Q

Standby instances

A

When Launch and Terminate are suspended, you can put an instance in the Standby state, but while Launch is suspended, you can’t return an instance in the Standby state to service.

31
Q

Tags for AWS Console Organization and Resource Groups

A

Tags are a great way to organize AWS resources in the AWS Management Console. You can configure tags to be displayed with resources and can search and filter by tag. By default, the AWS Management Console is organized by AWS service. However, the Resource Groups tool allows customers to create a custom console that organizes and consolidates AWS resources based on one or more tags or portions of tags. Using this tool, customers can consolidate and view data for applications that consist of multiple services and resources in one place.

32
Q

Tags for Cost Allocation

A

AWS Cost Explorer and Cost and Usage Report support the ability to break down AWS costs by
tag. Typically, customers use business tags such as cost center, business unit, or project to associate AWS costs with traditional financial reporting dimensions within their organization.

However, a cost allocation report can include any tag. This allows customers to easily associate costs with technical or security dimensions, such as specific applications, environments, or compliance programs.

33
Q

Tags For Automation

A

Resource or service-specific tags are often used to filter resources during infrastructure automation activities. Tags can be used to opt into or out of automated tasks, or to identify specific versions of resources to archive, update, or delete. For example, many customers run automated start/stop scripts that turn off development environments during non-business hours to reduce costs. In this scenario, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance tags are a simple way to identify the specific development instances to opt into or out of this process.

34
Q

AWS System Manager

A

View and Control AWS and On-premises infrastructure

Agent based - Installed on windows and Linux AWS AMI’s

Manages Inventory (instances) & Patch Assets

Run Commands & Manage Desired State

Parameter Store - Configurations and secrets

Securely Connect to EC2 instances, in private VPCs.

35
Q

AWS System Manager Managed Instance Req.

A
  1. ) Agent needs to be pre or manually installed.
  2. ) needs instance role attached to instance
  3. ) needs network (IGW VPCe) to connect to System Manager.
36
Q

On-Prem System Manager Managed Instance Req.

A
  1. ) Agent needs to be pre or manually installed. ( for both physical or virtual server)
  2. ) needs public internet to connect to System Manager.
  3. ) Create Manage Instance Activation - needs IAM role, Activation Code, Activation ID
37
Q

AWS System Manager - Run Command

A

Run commands on managed instances.

Execute command documents on managed instances

which can be executed to individual instances, tags, or resource groups

Command documents can be reused and can have parameters.

No SSH or RDP access required.

Rate Control - Concurrency(How many can run at once) & Error Threshold (How many times can fail)

Output option -S3 or SNS

Eventbridge - can stream logs to display event.

38
Q

SSM Document

A

Json or YAML documents..

stored within a SSM Document store

Ask for parameters include steps.

39
Q

SSM Command Documents.

A

Run command, State Manager and Maintenance windows.

Run Command uses command documents to execute commands. State Manager uses command documents to apply a configuration. These actions can be run on one or more targets at any point during the lifecycle of an instance.

40
Q

SSM State Manager

A

A service that automates the process of keeping your EC2 and hybrid infrastructure in a state that you define.
A State Manager association is a configuration that is assigned to your managed instances.

The configuration defines the state that you want to maintain on your instances. The association also specifies actions to take when applying the configuration.

41
Q

SSM Parameter Store

A

Provides secure, hierarchical storage for configuration data and secrets management.

You can store values as plain text or encrypted data with SecureString.

Parameters work with Systems Manager capabilities such as Run Command, State Manager, and Automation.

42
Q

SSM Package document

A

In Distributor, a package is represented by a Systems Manager document. A package document includes attached ZIP archive files that contain software or assets to install on managed instances. Creating a package in Distributor creates the package document.

43
Q

SSM Automation document

A

Use automation documents when performing common maintenance and deployment tasks such as creating or updating an AMI.

44
Q

SSM Policy document - State Manager

A

Policy documents enforce a policy on your targets. If the policy document is removed, the policy action no longer happens.

45
Q

SSM Patch Manager

A

Patch Baseline
_ Defines what should be installed.
- Patch Groups - Groups of resources with in system manager.
- Maintenance windows- times slots which describes when the patching can take place
- run command - base level patching process
- currency and error threeshold.

-compliance - SSM checks the system is successfully patch.

46
Q

SSM Patch Manager - Key Term

A

predefined patch baselines - Various OS ( you can create your own.

For linux - AWS-[OS]DefaultPatchBaseline, explicitly defined patches

  • AWS-AmazonLinux2DefaultPatchBaseline
  • AWS-UbuntuDefaultPatchBaseline

For Windows - AWS-DefaultPatchBaseline - Critical update

  • AWS-WindowsPredefinedPatchBaseline-OS - Same as above
  • AWS-WindowsPredefinedPatchBaseline-OS-Applications - + MS App Updates
47
Q

Flow of patch manager

A
  1. Define 1+ patch Baselines - to define WHAT gets installed
  2. ) Create Patch which acts as targets for patch tasks
  3. Maintenance windows define a schedule, duration, targets and task.
  4. AWS-RunPatchBaseline runes with a baseline and targets
48
Q

SSM inventory

A

You can configure Inventory to collect the following types of data:

Applications: Application names, publishers, versions, etc.
AWS components: EC2 driver, agents, versions, etc.

Files: Name, size, version, installed date, modification and last accessed times, etc.

Network configuration: IP address, MAC address, DNS, gateway, subnet mask, etc.

Windows updates: Hotfix ID, installed by, installed date, etc.

Instance details: System name, operating systems (OS) name, OS version, DNS, domain, work group, OS architecture, etc.

Services: Name, display name, status, dependent services, service type, start type, etc.

Tags: Tags assigned to your nodes.

Windows Registry: Registry key path, value name, value type, and value.

Windows roles: Name, display name, path, feature type, installed state, etc.

Custom inventory: Metadata that was assigned to a managed node as described in Working with custom inventory.

49
Q

SSM Session Manager

A

is a fully managed AWS Systems Manager capability. With Session Manager, you can manage your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, edge devices, and on-premises servers and virtual machines (VMs).

You can use either an interactive one-click browser-based shell or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). Session Manager provides secure and auditable node management without the need to open inbound ports, maintain bastion hosts, or manage SSH keys.

Session Manager also allows you to comply with corporate policies that require controlled access to managed nodes, strict security practices, and fully auditable logs with node access details, while providing end users with simple one-click cross-platform access to your managed nodes.