attatchments Flashcards
characteristics of insecure aviodent attatchment
No sign of distress when the the mother leaves
The infant is okay with the stranger and plays normally when the stranger is present
The Infant shows little interest when the mother returns
explain Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis
Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis suggests that continual disruption of the attachment between infant and primary caregiver could result in long term cognitive, social, and emotional difficulties for that infant.
what can we conclude about Rutter (1998) Romanian orphan study
This study suggests long-term consequences may be less severe than was once thought if children have the opportunity to form attachments. When children don’t form attachments, the consequences are likely to be severe.
characteristics of secure attachment
Distressed when mother leaves
Avoidant of stranger when alone, but friendly when the mother is present
Positive and happy when mother returns
Uses the mother as a safe base to explore their environment
what did Rutter find with the Romanian orphan study
Those who were adopted by British families before 6 months old showed ‘normal’ emotional development compared with UK children adopted at the same age.
Many adopted after 6 months old showed disinhibited attachments
for example attention seeking and a lack of fear of atrangers
evaluate Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988)
One problem is that many of the studies used in the meta analysis had biased samples which cannot claim to be representative of each culture.
For example, only 36 infants where used in the Chinese study which is a very small sample size for such a populated country.
most of the countries in the study were western countries
what did Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) find with their study
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found that secure attachment was the majority of infants (70%)
The lowest percentage of secure attachments was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
It was also found that Western countries that support independence such as Germany had high levels of insecure avoidant.
characteristics of insecure resistant attachment
Intense distress when the mother leaves
The infant avoids the stranger - shows fear of the stranger
The infant approaches the mother, but resists contact, may even push her away
The infant cries more and explores less than the other two types
what is learning theory
the theory that attachment is a learned behaviour that is acquired through both classical and operant conditioning.
evaluate learning theory
Schaffer and Emerson found less than half of infants had a primary attachment to the person who usually fed them.
Harlow’s research suggested monkeys became attached to the soft surrogate mother rather than the one who fed it. This goes against the learning theory of attachment.
in the original study how many strange situation infants were securely attached
70% Secure
in the original study how many strange situation infants were avoidant
15%
in the original study how many strange situation infants were resistant
15%
what did Lorenz find in his gosling study
he found that when the incubated groups were placed with their natural mother they still followed Lorenz and showed no recognition of their natural mother
does inter country have any cultural variation
yes
in Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) they found that
Intra-cultural variation was nearly 15 times greater than the cross-cultural variations.
