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China-Unit 3: The Cultural Revolution and its aftermath, 1966-76 > Attacks of Mao's political opponents > Flashcards

Attacks of Mao's political opponents Flashcards

1
Q

Mao’s key political opponents

A

Liu Shaoqi
Lin Biao
Deng Xiaoping

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2
Q

Why was Mao Jealous of Liu Shaoqi?

A

Liu was popular because as Head of State, his pragmatic policies helped rebuild China after the GLF

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3
Q

What was used as evidence of Liu’s traitorous ‘rightist’ sentiments?

A

When he had supported the sending of Party ‘Work Teams’ onto campuses to control the violence when Mao first encouraged students to rise up

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4
Q

What happened to Liu’s family?

A

Wife was publicly denounced.
Children sent to countryside to live as peasants

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5
Q

What happened to Liu?

A

Was subjected to constant struggle meeting.
Was abused and beaten.

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6
Q

Why did Liu write to Mao?

A

To beg him to be allowed to resign after being tortured

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7
Q

At the ninth Party Congress, what did Jiang Qing denounce Liu Shaoqi as?

A

Traitor who had been an agent for the American CIA

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8
Q

Who gathered evidence to prove Liu was a traitor who had been an agent for the American CIA?

A

Kang Sheng
Jiang Qing

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9
Q

How did Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng find evidence to denounce Liu as a traitor who had been an agent for the American CIA?

A

Tortured prisoners to get it

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10
Q

[Quote] What was Liu Shaoqi called as he was denounced and stripped of all his posts?

A

‘renegade, scab and traitor’

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11
Q

Who was Liu Shaoqi replaced by?

A

Lin Biao

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12
Q

What happened to Liu near the end of his life?

A

Exiled from Beijing.
In time, torture and neglect meant he could no longer talk

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13
Q

When did Liu Shaoqi die and where was he buried?

A

12 November 1968
In an unmarked grave

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14
Q

Why was Mao angered by Deng Xiaoping?

A

Deng’s statement about the irrelevance of the ‘colour’ of a police was a direct insult to Mao’s belief that it was better to be Communist than practical.

Deng had helped Liu introduce economic reform without Mao’s advice

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15
Q

[Quote] What had Mao complained about in regards to Deng?

A

‘Deng Xiaoping never came to consult me…from 1959 to the present he never consulted me over anything at all.’

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16
Q

What was Deng damned as?

A

‘the number two person in authority taking the capitalist road’

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17
Q

What was Deng accused of trying to establish?

A

His own ‘Independent Kingdom’

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18
Q

What happened to Deng?

A

Disappeared from public sight after having been sent to a rural tractor factory in rural Jiangxi

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19
Q

What happened to Deng’s family?

A

His son attempted to escape torture by jumping out of a window (some say he was pushed by Red Guards) and was paralysed from the waist down

20
Q

Why was Deng later returned to power by Mao?

A

Mao needed him to help end the chaos of the Cultural Revolution

21
Q

Since Deng was a target of radicals, what was he blamed for?

A

The protests that followed the death of Zhou Enlai

22
Q

What did the Gang of Four radicals blame Deng for?

A

The violent clashes with police during the 1976 Qingming festival

23
Q

What did the Gang of Four convince Mao to take away from Deng?

A

His positions of government leadership

24
Q

After Mao’s death, what happened to Deng?

A

He eventually became the most important leader in the PRC.

25
Q

At the start, why was Mao impressed by Lin Biao?

A

He was Mao’s most subservient follower.
His loyalty was impressive

26
Q

Who was Lin Biao chosen to replace by Mao?

A

The disgraced Peng Dehuai after the Lushan meeting

27
Q

What did Lin help create?

A

the Little Red Book

28
Q

What did the Little Red Book help Mao spread?

A

His cult of personality

29
Q

What was one of Lin’s part in the creation of the Little Red Book?

A

Wrote a foreword to the book that praised Mao as practically a deity (God)

30
Q

Who was the Little Red Book made compulsory reading for?

A

PLA soldiers

31
Q

What did the Little Red Book demand from PLA soldiers?

A

Self-sacrifice in the service of the Chairman

32
Q

What did the PLA newspaper begin to do in regards to the Little Red Book?

A

Began to publish a quotation from Mao everyday

33
Q

What were soldiers ordered to in response to the newspaper’s published quotations of Mao?

A

To cut them out and compile their own collections of Mao’s quotes to be studied and recited

34
Q

What did the Cult of Lei Feng encourage obedience to?

A

Mao Zedong Thought

35
Q

What was Mao able to rely on when the violence of the Cultural Revolution spiralled out of control?

A

The complete loyalty of the PLA to control it

36
Q

Who were the Gang of Four?

A

Group of Communist leaders, including Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing, who wanted to follow a radical and violent revolutionary path towards turning China into a Communist country

37
Q

Who was Lei Feng?

A

A Chinese soldier who was committed to Communism.
After his death, his devotion to Communism was used to inspire other people to be loyal to the Party

38
Q

When was the ‘Learn from the PLA’ campaign launched?

A

1963

39
Q

What was the ‘Learn from the PLA’ campaign?

A

Army propaganda which turned one rank-and-file soldier, Lei Feng, into an ideological role model and national hero

40
Q

[Quote] What was Lei Feng described as in Party propaganda?

A

‘one of Chairman Mao’s good warriors’

41
Q

Give an example of how posters showed that Lei Feng was deeply loyal to the Party and Mao.

A

Showed him digging wells for peasants and helping old ladies to cross the road

42
Q

[Quote] What did Mao declare in regards to Lei Feng?

A

‘Be like Comrade Lei Feng’

43
Q

What happened to Lei Feng’s diary when he died in an accident while on duty?

A

Was published

44
Q

What did Lei Feng’s diary recall?

A

His service to his comrades and also showed him to be unselfish in the service of the revolution

45
Q

Give an example of how Lei Feng was unselfish as recalled by his diary.

A

On a train he would help staff clean the carriages.

In the barracks he would secretly mend his comrades’ clothes

46
Q

What did the myth of Lei Feng help create?

A

Loyalty to Mao

China-Unit 3: The Cultural Revolution and its aftermath, 1966-76 (7 decks)

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