attachment - van izjendoorn

Question 1

Van Ijzendoorn procedure

Answer 1

• 1988
• meta-analysis of results of 2000 strange situation classifications from 8 countries
• complied from 32 studies

Question 2

Findings of Van Ijzendoorn’s study

Answer 2

• in all countries secure attachment was most common type of attachment
• avoidant attachment more common in western countries, resistant attachment more common in non-western countries
• intra-cultural variations 15x greater than cross-cultural variations.
• Van Izjendoorn said this was due to socioeconomic factors that varied between samples in country
• Japan + Israel had higher amount of resistant than avoidant.
• Germany has most insecure avoidant attachments (35%)

Question 3

Conclusion of Van Izjendoorn

Answer 3

• Cross cultural differences due to mass media representation of parenting

Question 4

Evaluation of van ijzendoorn - standardised

Answer 4

• comparison is aided because strange situation is a standardised procedure
• this means it is the same procedure in all studies - means comparison can be made across cultures so reliability is high

Question 5

Evaluate Van Izjendoorn’s study - culturally biased

Answer 5

• same as strange situation
• reactions classed as different type based on american standards (imposed etic)

Question 6

Evaluation of Van Izjendoorn - overall findings misleading

Answer 6

• 18/32 studies conducted in usa.
• overall findings distorted as usa would have much wider sample size than other countries, so would be more representative of usa and not of other countries with few studies.
• may not genuinely reflect how attachment types vary between cultures, as very small sample size of some cultures.