Attachment - people to know.

Question 0

Main Kaplan and cassidy,

Answer 0

1985

Test , re test reliability

they tested babies at 18 months and again at 6 years

100 of secure babies still secure,

75 % of avoid ant babies still avoidant

Question 1

Egeland and Sroufe

Answer 1

1981

Psychological availability is most important in allowing babes to form attachments.

• over physical abuse or neglect - psychological unavailability is the worst!!!!

Question 2

Main and solomon

Answer 2

1986

Insecure disorganised -

from looking at “at risk kids” from abusive PCGs

Question 3

lamb et al

Answer 3

1985
SS is highly artificial - lacks ecological validity.

ignores attachment to other care givers

Question 4

Sroufe

Answer 4

1983

secure infants are lively to grow up to be

• popular
• higher self esteem
• social leaders

Question 5

Hazen and Shaver

Answer 5

1987

Adult avid ant style is similar to infant avoid ant style.

Question 6

Bretherton

Answer 6

1985

Secure attachment comes from a responsive style in the home.

Question 7

Belsky and Rovine

Answer 7

1988

insecure avoidant style - - comes from INTRUSIVE OR REFLECTING DISCOMFORT WITH PHYSICAL CONTACT.

Question 8

Bowlby said ….

Answer 8

1958-69

If monotropy is not consistent from 6 months to 2-3 years with ONE PCG then there are dire developmental consequences in terms of social , psychological and even cognitive mal-adaptations.

Sensitivity Period

SENSITIVITY PERIOD

Question 9

Marrone

Answer 9

1998

SS is simulating an everyday experience for most children. - hospital waiting room. - baby sitter.

Reunion behaviour gives a clearer picture of the state of attachment than even the response of separation itself.

Question 10

social releasers …

Answer 10

crying , and “social smile”

survival mechanisms

Question 11

Houston and Aronson

Answer 11

2005

working v non working mothers

studied 1053 mothers

• • social and cog tests on infants
• • mothers self report 2x per day, on their actions

The economic and social benefits of maternal employment outweigh any loses that may result from the time spent away from the child.

Question 12

Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 12

1964

Glasgow study - 60 babies, Monthly intervals for the first 18 months.

by 18 months 3 percent had 1 PCG, most had 5!!!!!!!

Attachment most likely to form with those who respond accurately to the babies signals. - SENSITIVE RESPONSIVENESS.

Question 13

Ljzendoorne and Kroonberg

Answer 13

1988

Cultural variations in attachment styles

japan 27 resistant -(they keep them super close through early years)

germany 35 avoidant ( they make kids get out there and explore the environment!!

Question 14

Rutter

Answer 14

1972

made the distinction which Bowlby often confused between

Deprivation - loved and lost

Privation - Never loved at all.

Question 15

Dollard and Miller

Answer 15

1950

Behavioural theory of Attachment.

operant and Classical conditioning.

Question 16

Goldberg

Answer 16

2000

the advantage of the SS is that even when the mother may adapt her behaviour to please the experimenter - - THE CHILD DOES NOT

hence why child behaviour is the focus.

Question 17

Bates et al

Answer 17

1985

Early attachment styles did not predict behavioural problems at 3 years.

Question 18

Thomas

Answer 18

1998

multi types of attachment figure s available

father, grand parent. uncle, sibling , friend, teacher.

from studying Caribean and european families

infants seem to form equally important attachments with lots of care givers

Question 19

Skeels

Answer 19

1949

Orphanage Studies!!!!!!!!!

those that remained in the orphanage

IQ at 3 - - - - 64
IQ at 4 - - - - 60

those who transferred to a foster home at 3

IQ at 3 - - - - 64
IQ at 4 - - - - 92

WAs this lack of stimulus or maternal deprivation

they thought lack of stimulus - hard to be sure!!

Question 20

Meins

Answer 20

2003

firstly thought up - Mind Mindedness - joint attention - sharing experiences is super important.

DYNAMIC ATTACHMENT

a secure infant balances their attention between exploration and care giver orientated behaviour.

the other attachment styles are manifestations of these behaviours being out of balance.

Question 21

Main and Western

Answer 21

1981

children behave differently depending on which parent they are with,

attachment type not consistent between care givers

proof that attachment style is not a character trait of the child.

Question 22

Parke

Answer 22

2002

children development outcome is affected not by parents gender but by the kind of relationship that exists within each different parent child couple.

dont discriminate against the father child relationship MAN!!!!!

Question 23

Schaffer

Answer 23

2004

the attachment system is so powerful that even maltreated children persist to try to form attachments

Question 24

Ainsworth - - Baltimore - -

Answer 24

1971, 78

26 Babies,

every 3-4 weeks for 3-4 hours,

for the first year of babies life. - total of 72 hours

they needed a standard against which to compare their findings.

Strange situation SS - devised in 1969

Question 25

Strange Situation -

Answer 25

devised in 1969 by Mary Ainsworth to measure how a baby reacts to low and high stress in attachment and exploration situations.