Attachment: Ainsworth’s Types Of Attachment TW

Question 1

What is the purpose of ‘the strange situation’ ?

Answer 1

To assess the strength / type of attachment

Question 2

‘The strange situation’ used what type of observational method?

Answer 2

Controlled observation

Question 3

What was Ainsworth’s sample when testing the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 3

100 middle-class American infants and their mothers

Question 4

AO3: In what TWO ways could we criticise Ainsworth’s sample?

Answer 4

Ethnocentric (only Americans)

AND

Gender bias (only used mothers)

Question 5

What four variables were measured in Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 5

Willingness to Explore
Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety
Reunion Behaviour

Question 6

How did Ainsworth observe the children’s behaviour in each episode?

Answer 6

Through a two-way mirror

Question 7

How many episodes were involved in the ‘strange situation’

Answer 7

7

Question 8

How long did each episode last in Ainsworth’s strange situation?

Answer 8

3 minutes

Question 9

What occurred in the first episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 9

Parent enters room with the child, and the child explores for 3 mins

Question 10

What was the first episode of ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 10

Willingness to explore

Question 11

What occurred in the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 11

A stranger enters and joins the parent and infant and tries to interact with the child

Question 12

What was the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 12

Stranger anxiety

Question 13

How was stranger anxiety measured in the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 13

Having a stranger enter the room

Question 14

What occurred in the third episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 14

Parent leaves the infant with the stranger

Question 15

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 15

Stranger and separation anxiety

Question 16

What occurred in the fourth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 16

Parent returns and the stranger leaves

Question 17

How was reunion behaviour measured in the ‘strange situation’

Answer 17

By having the mother return

Question 18

What occurred in the fifth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 18

Parent leaves the child alone

Question 19

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 19

Seperation anxiety

Question 20

What is the difference between the 3rd episode and the 5th episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 20

In episode 3 the child is with the stranger (measuring seperation + stranger anxiety)

WHEREAS

In episode 5 the child is completely alone (only measuring seperation anxiety)

Question 21

What occurred in the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 21

The stranger returns

Question 22

What is the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 22

Stranger anxiety

Question 23

What occurred in the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 23

Parent returns and stranger leaves

Question 24

What was the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 24

Reunion behaviour

Question 25

“EP3 : The parent leaves the infant with the stranger” What is this episode measuring?

Answer 25

Stranger and seperation anxiety

Question 26

“EP1 : Parent enters the room with child, and the child explores” What is this episode measuring?

Answer 26

Willingness to explore

Question 27

What 3 types of attachment were identified in the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 27

Secure Insecure avoidant Insecure resistant

Question 28

Describe a secure infants **exploration** behaviour

Answer 28

Willing to explore - but uses mother as **secure base**

Question 29

Describe a secure infants reaction to **separation**

Answer 29

Upset / subdued when mother leaves OR High levels of seperation anxiety

Question 30

Describe a secure infants reaction to a **stranger** when **alone**

Answer 30

Avoidant of stranger OR Shows high stranger anxiety

Question 31

Describe a **secure** infants reaction to a stranger when with their caregiver

Answer 31

Friendly **when** caregiver present

Question 32

Describe a **secure** infants reaction when **reunited** with their caregiver

Answer 32

Positive / happy with mother returns

Question 33

What type of caregiver is associated with producing a securely attached infant?

Answer 33

Responsive

Question 34

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants exploration behaviour

Answer 34

Willing to explore environment

Question 35

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to seperation

Answer 35

**Unconcerned** by mothers absence

Question 36

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to a stranger

Answer 36

**Unconcerned**, but often **avoidant**

Question 37

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to reunion

Answer 37

Unresponsive / unconcerned

Question 38

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-avoidant attachment type ?

Answer 38

Unresponsive

Question 39

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants exploration behaviour

Answer 39

Low willingness to explore

Question 40

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to seperation

Answer 40

Intensely distressed OR High seperation anxiety

Question 41

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to strangers

Answer 41

Extreme fear of strangers OR High stranger anxiety

Question 42

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to reunion

Answer 42

Clinginess mixed with rejection

Question 43

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-resistant attachment type ?

Answer 43

Inconsistent

Question 44

AO3: How could we criticise the **method** used by Ainsworth's ‘strange situation’

Answer 44

Lacks ecological validity

Question 45

AO3: How could we praise the **method** used by Ainsworth's ‘strange situation’

Answer 45

High in reliability as standardised procedures

Question 46

What 2 elements of Ainsworth's procedure is standardised?

Answer 46

The order of each episode OR The length of each episode (3 mins)

Question 47

Which attachment type is **unconcerned** by a mothers absence?

Answer 47

Insecure-avoidant

Question 48

Which attachment type is **extremely fearful** of strangers?

Answer 48

Insecure - resistant

Question 49

Which attachment type would show positive behaviours when reunited with their mother

Answer 49

Secure

Question 50

Which attachment type would display low willingness to explore their environment?

Answer 50

Insecure resistant