Attachment Flashcards
Briefly explain Bowlby’s attachment theory
It’s an evolutionary theory that states children come in to the world pre programmed to form attachment with others as this will help them survive.
What did Harlow’s study disprove?
The secondary drive theory of love, monkeys still crave comfort.
What system develops during the first year of life?
The innate behavioural system; attachment behavioural system.
What is the condition under which the attachment behavioural system activates
Under threat
Give examples of internal and external threat
Internal: hunger, sick, pain
External: loud noises, stranger, alone
When the attachment system is activated, what system is deactivated?
The exploration system
What do individual differences in attachment depend on?
Quality of care.
What are the three attachment types according to Ainsworth ‘Strange Situation’?
Ambivalent
Avoidant
Secure
What attachment style does positive view of self and positive view of others belong to?
Secure
What attachment style does rejecting caregiver belong to?
Avoidant
What attachment style does inconsistent caregiver belong to?
Ambivalent
Which attachment style do the following two features belong to; adaptive to the situation your in and an organized strategy
Insecure
Who proposed the concept of disorganized attachment?
Main and Solomon, 1990
How would you describe the behaviour of the caregiver for someone who meets the criteria of disorganized attachment?
The source of care is also the source of threat, the child is subjected to inconsistent or contradictory behaviours.
Academically what is the difference between secure and insecure children?
Secure predicts academic achievement, more engaged in joint reading and develop better pre-reading skills. Insecure have shorter attention spans and do not perform as well on cognitive tasks
How is data for adult attachment obtained?
Interview- ‘narrative measures’
What did Hazen & Shaver do in 1987?
Newspaper advertised a love quiz, adult love can be divided into the same categories as the ‘strange situation’ attachment.
Who distributed attachment style in to four categories?
Bartholamew & Horowitz (1991)
What scale did Brenan, Clark & Shaver (1998) devise? What did they find?
The experiences in close relationships scale (ECR).
Two dimensions tally with Bartholamew four styles;
Secure
Preoccupied (Ambivalent)
Fearful (Avoidant) fear of hurt
Dismissive (Avoidant) don’t need intimacy
Fraley & Shaver did what study?
Airport study; Observed couples separating measured contact seeking behaviour, then administered a questionnaire. Those separating showed more contact and proximity seeking behaviour.
In Fraley & Shaver’s study how were avoidant and anxious different?
Avoidant men and women less likely to maintain proximity to their partners and less likely to provide care and support.
Highly anxious women less likely to report more distress, highly anxious men less likely to maintain contact.
Name three intrapersonal correlated and consequences of attachment avoidance and anxiety
Self-esteem Mental Health Coping Percieved social support Physical Health Pain tolerance Emotion regualtion
Name three interpersonal correlates and consequences of attachment avoidance and anxiety
Caregiving Parenting Empathy Prosocial behaviour Prejudice/Discrimination
What is an Internal Working Model? Who used this term?
The cognitive structures that hold the information comprising of our attachment styles, devised by Bowlby.