Attachment Flashcards
Uncertainty is…
Expensive
Language development reduces uncertainty by…
decoding sounds to figure out the behaviour of people
Physical development reduces uncertainty by….
learning to operate our body
Evolution…
Process of adapting to environment over time
Learning about the world is…
Cognitive development
Social development is…
getting help from others
Altricial…
Can not survive on own from birth. (humans)
hormone that has evidence of social bonding
Oxytocin
A process in which animals instinctively become attached to the fist moving thing after birth
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz conducted research on…
Imprinting - ducklings following him over the mother duck when he was the first moving thing present after hatching
Critical period
Starts and ends abruptly - something can only happen in this time ie. imprinting
Sensitive period
starts and end gradually - something can still be learnt after this period, just not as well ie. learning a language
The name of the theory that states attachment is formed through food…
Psychoanalytic theory - Sigmund Freud
Name of theory that states attachment is about fulfilling an important social need
Social needs hypothesis
Harlow is responsible for research about…
Attachment in rhesus monkeys. Is it a social need, or need for food. Resulted in evidence against the Psychoanalytic theory
Bowlbys theory was that attachment is…
Evolutionary and carried out by an innate behavioural system
Balance between closeness and exploration are signs of
Secure base attachment
A universal characteristic of infants is that they all…
become attached to a caregiver
It is an _______ that the quality of care shapes an infants predictions about caregivers
individual difference
Expectations about caregivers create an _______ that is then _______ to how all relationships work
internal working model, generalized
The ‘strange situations’ test was researched conducted by _______ ______ that theorised ___________
Mary Ainsworth, when an infant is distressed, an attachment system is activated
The following examples indicate what type of attachment?
- crying when caregiver leaves
- seeking to be near caregiver
- not soothed by stranger
- soothed by caregiver
- actions oriented towards caregiver
Secure attachment
The following examples indicate what type of attachment?
- not distressed when caregiver leaves
- avoids caregiver when they return
- no difference in behaviour toward caregiver and stranger, including ability to be soothed
Insecure Avoidant attachment
The following examples indicate what type of attachment?
- infants are least likely to explore
- most distressed when caregiver leaves
- stays close to caregiver when they return
- Avoids stranger
Insecure Resistant Attachment
The following examples indicate what type of attachment?
-Incoherent or bizzare behaviour
Disorganized attachment
Parents that are consistently sensitive and responsive create children with what attachment style?
Secure
Parents that are consistently insensitive and unresponsive create children with what attachment style?
Insecure avoidant
Parents that are inconsistently sensitive and responsive create children with what attachment style?
Insecure resistant
Children that are unsafe develop what attachment style
Disorganised
Executive functions are…
A group of cognitive abilities that help us organise information to make good decisions
The 5 key executive functions are…
Inhibition
Task switching
Working memory
Attentional control
Emotional regulation
Factors that can affect executive functions are
Culture
Brain maturing
Parenting
Environmental contingencies
Precocial
Can survive on own from birth
