Attachment Flashcards
Attachment and later relationship: strength
Early attachment consistently predicts later attachment, emotional well being and attachment to own children
Strength of relationship =depends on attachment
attachement and later relationships: limitation
research are not longitudinal
- ask the ppts about relationship with parents
- create validity issues, honesty and hard to know what is being assesed
ALR: limitation
existence of confounding variables
McCarthy - studies asses attachment in infancy = valid
romanian orphans : strength
real world application
- improve conditions for children growing up
- improve care homes , one or two key workers
- emotional care
- foster or adoption- accomadate
romanian orphans : strength
lack confounding variables
-orphan studies before, physical+ mental trauma
-romanian orphans- had loving loving parents , could afford
counterpoint
- insitutions were poor, no comfort
- effects, introducted different variables
RO: limitation
lack of adult data
-long term effects of early insitutional care
-research questions: mental health problems + maintain adult and romantic relationships
Bowleys maternal deprivation : limitation
poor evidence
-bowlby conducted study himself = bias
-knew teenagers would show signs of psychopathy
- inspired by Goldfarbs- orphans
but they had early trauma
- not taken as serious evidence
bowlbys maternal deprivation : limitation
confusion between different types of early experiences
- Rutter
- deprivation- loss of P.A after attachment developed
-privation- failure to form early attachment in the first place
= bowlby , privation then deprivation
bowlbys maternal deprivation
bowlby’s idea of critical period
- damage is inevitable= child don’t form attachment in 2 half years of life
Koluchova- czech twins
- severe mental and physical abuse
- after immense care = fully recovered, trauma not permanent
= seen as sensitive period
cultural variations : strength
indigenous psychologist
-same cultural background as ppts
-Takahashi- japanese
= no potential problems with cross- cultural research (misunderstand language)
- increase validity
cultural variations : limitation
impact of confounding variables
-characteristics - poverty, social class= confound results as the age of ppts studied in different countries
-environmental variables
-small room, nice toys = babies explore more
big room, empty = babies classified as avoidant
cultural variations : limitation
imposed etic
-we impose an idea or technique that works in one cultural context
- e.g. reunion with caregiver in S.S
-USA- lack of affection= avoidant attachment
- Germany- independence
= may not work in germany
= meaningless in some cultures
strange situation : strength
predicts number of aspects of the body later development
-babies type B ( secure) = good outcome in adult + childhood
McCormick et al
- better in educqation , less bullying involvement
ward
- better mental health
insecure resistant attachment= worst outcome
S.S : strength
good inter- rater reliability
Bick
tested inter-rater reliability for a team of trained observers
- agreement of attachment type of 94%
- S.S= controlled conditions
- stranger anxiety involve large movements (cry and crawling)
= not subjective judgments
S.S :limitation
culture bond
- S.S- developed in Britain and the USA
Takahashi
- Japanese study- babies displayed high levels of separation anxiety
= mother-baby separation is very rarse
