attachment Flashcards
interactional synchrony ( eg of case study)
when infants mirror the actions or emotions of another person eg their facial expressions
meltzoff and more
attachment
an emotional tie or bond between two people, usually a primary caregiver and child
reciprocity
when an infant responds to the actions of another person in a form of turn - taking
asocial stage
an infant shows similar responses to objects and people
correct order of stages of attachment that schaffer identified
asocial, indiscriminate, specific, multiple
key words associated w lorenz’s research
evolutionary, innate, critical period, imprinting , goslings
bowlby’s monotropic theory
adaptive, social releases, critical period, monotropy, internal working model
secure behaviour
explores unfamiliar evvironment
uses mother as safe-base
moderate separation anxiety
moderate stranger anxiety
shows joy at reunion
insecure avoidant child
the infant explores the unfamiliar environment
low serration anxiety
low stranger anxiety
little reaction upon mothers return
insecure resistant child
does not explore the environment around them
stays close to the mother
high separation anxiety
high stranger anxiety
seeks but rejects attempts of mother comfort in reunion
facts about van ijzendoorn’s research
there was more variation within cultures than between
israel had the lowest number of insecure avoidants
across all cultures secure was the most common
Germany had the highest percentage of insecure avoidants
uk had highest percentage of secure attachments
maternal deprivation hypothesis
if an infant is unable to develop a warm, intimate and continuous relationship with their mother or mother substitute before 2.5 years the child would have difficulty forming relationships with other people and be a risk of behavioural/ emotional disorders.
internal working model
a template of expectations, like a schema about how to relate to other formed by esrly experiences with the primary caregiver and the type of attachment formed. an infant learns what a relationship is, how it is formed, and patterns of bevahour about how individuals relate to one another in partnerships.
montropy
bowlby believed that infants form one very special attachment with their primary caregiver, most frequently the mother. if the mother is not available, the infant can bond with another ever- present adult, known as the mother substitute
critical period
infants must form an attachment with their caregiver during the critical period, successful formation of an attachment would be increasingly difficult after this initial period. bowlby said that if an attachment did not form during this time frame, the child would be damaged for life- socially, emotionally, intellectually and physically.
