Attachement Studies Flashcards
Meltzof and Moore 1977
Interactional synchrony
Observed the beginnings of interactional synchrony in infants as young as two weeks old
Isabella eat al 1989
M?F?
Synchrony
Observed 20 Mother’s and infants together and assessed the degree of synchrony and the quality of mother-infant attachment
Researchers found that high levels of synchrony were associated with better quality of mother-infant attachment
Brazleton eat al 1975
Reciprocity
Described reciprocity as a ‘dance’ because it’s like a couples dance as they respond to each other’s moves
Crotwell et al 2013
PCIT
Found that a 10 minute parent child interaction therapy improved interactional synchrony in 20 low income mothers and pre school infants compared to control group
What could crotwell eat al 2013 findings suggest about interactional synchrony
It can lead to valuable methods for improving and developing mother-infant attachments
Percentages of attachment with father
In only 3% of cases the father was the primary attachment
27% cases were the father was going first with the mother for primary attachment
75% of infants attachment was formed with the father at 18 months
Grossmann 2002
Teen attachment
M?F?
Longitudinal study looking at parents behaviour and it’s relationship to the quality of attachment with teens
Found the quality of attachment with the father was less important compared to Mother’s in teenagers
Field 1978
Father primary caregiver
Filmed 4 month old babies and found that primary caregiver fathers spent more time smiling interacting and holding infants than secondary caregiver fathers
McCallum and Golombok 2004
Same sex parents
Children growing up in single or same sex parents families don’t develop differently from those in two parent families
Schaffer and Emerson 1964
M?
Stages of attachment
M:60 Glasgow babies from working class families
Babies and mothers were busted at home every moth for a year and 18 months
Separation anxiety- measured by asking mothers about their children’s behaviour during everyday separations
Stranger anxiety- asked mothers questions about their children’s anxiety response to unfamiliar adults
Schaffer and Emerson 1964
F?
50% of babies showed separation anxiety towards a particular adult between 25-32 weeks of age- usually with mother( primary attachment)
29% had secondary attachments within a moth of developing a primary attachment
Lorenz 1952
M?
Imprinting
Divided 12 goose eggs, half hatched with mother in natural environment, half hatched in an incubator and Lorenz was the first moving object they saw
Mixed all goslings together to see whom they would follow
Lorenz 1952
F?
Incubator group followed Lorenz, controlled group followed mother
Critical period in which imprinting needs to take place- if not chicks did not attach themselves to mother
Harlow 1958
M?
Importance of contact comfort
16 rhesus monkeys with two wired model ‘mothers’
One condition- milk came from plain wire mother
Second condition- milk cane from cloth covered mother
Monkeys preference was measured
Also had frighting situations to measure attachment
Studied monkeys who had been deprived of their real mother
Harlow 1958
F?
Baby monkeys cuddled with soft object in preference to the wire one regardless of where the milk was coming from- suggest contact comfort was more important than food
Looked for comfort from clothed mother when frightened
Deprived of mothers- more aggressive, less sociable, less skilled, neglected own offspring
