atria/ ventricles anatomy Flashcards
What does the right atrium receive blood from?
- Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
- Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
- Coronary Sinus
SVC drains the head and upper limbs, IVC drains the lower body, and coronary sinus drains the heart muscle.
What are the key features of the right atrium?
- Auricle
- Crista Terminalis
- Pectinate Muscles
- Fossa Ovalis
- Tricuspid Valve
The auricle increases capacity, crista terminalis separates smooth and rough parts, pectinate muscles are found in the auricle, fossa ovalis is a remnant of fetal circulation, and tricuspid valve leads to the right ventricle.
What does the right ventricle pump blood to?
Pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve
What are the key features of the right ventricle?
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles
- Chordae Tendineae
- Moderator Band (Septomarginal Trabecula)
Trabeculae carneae are muscular ridges, papillary muscles prevent valve prolapse, chordae tendineae connect papillary muscles to valve cusps, and moderator band conducts impulses.
What does the left atrium receive blood from?
4 pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)
What are the key features of the left atrium?
- Auricle
- Smooth Wall
The auricle contains pectinate muscles, and the smooth wall is derived from pulmonary veins.
What does the left ventricle pump blood to?
Aorta via aortic valve
What are the key features of the left ventricle?
- Thickest wall
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles
- Chordae Tendineae
The thickest wall pumps against high systemic pressure and trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles are present to prevent mitral valve prolapse.
What embryological origin does the smooth part of the right atrium come from?
Sinus venosus
What embryological origin does the rough part of the right atrium (auricle) come from?
Primitive atrium
What embryological origin does the left atrium (smooth part) come from?
Pulmonary veins
What embryological origin does the left atrium (auricle) come from?
Primitive atrium
What embryological origin does the right ventricle come from?
Bulbus cordis
What embryological origin does the left ventricle come from?
Primitive ventricle
What embryological origin do the aortic and pulmonary trunks come from?
Truncus arteriosus
What embryological structures form the interatrial septum?
- Septum primum
- Septum secundum
What embryological structures form the interventricular septum?
- Muscular (primitive ventricle)
- Membranous (endocardial cushion & neural crest)
True or False: Membranous septal defects (VSDs) are more common because the membranous part of the septum forms later.
True
What are the layers of the pericardium?
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Serous Pericardium
Serous pericardium has a parietal layer and a visceral layer (epicardium).
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Prevents overexpansion of the heart
What is the pericardial cavity?
Fluid-filled space between parietal and visceral layers
What are the functions of the pericardial cavity?
Reduces friction during heart movement
What is pericardial effusion?
Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity
What is cardiac tamponade?
Compression of heart due to excess fluid
