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1
Q

Maximum Zero Fuel Mass

A

The maximum permissible mass of an airplane with no useable fuel

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2
Q

Maximum Structural Landing Mass

A

The maximum permissible total airplane mass upon landing under normal circumstances

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3
Q

Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass

A

The maximum permissible total airplane mass at the start of the take-off run

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4
Q

Traffic Load

A

The total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non-revenue load

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5
Q

Useful Load

A

The sum of the traffic load and the take-off fuel

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6
Q

Basic Empty Mass

A

The mass of an aircraft plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable fluids, lubricating oil, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen equipment, supplementary electronic equipment

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7
Q

Dry Operating Mass

A

The total mass of an airplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding all useable fuel and traffic load. This mass includes items such as:
- crew and crew baggage
- catering and removeable passenger service equipment
- potable water and lavatory chemicals

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8
Q

Operating Mass

A

Dry Operating Mass + fuel but no traffic load

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9
Q

TORA

A

Take-Off Run Available = The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off

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10
Q

TODA

A

Take-Off Distance Available = TORA + Clearway

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11
Q

ASDA

A

Accelerate – Stop Distance Available = TORA + Stopway

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12
Q

Dutch Roll

A

Dutch roll is a series of out of phase turns, when the aircraft rolls in one direction and yaws in the other. yaw lags roll, a dynamically stable situation. Yaw damper prevents this motion

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13
Q

MCrit

A

the lowest mach number where the airflow somewhere over the aircraft reaches the speed of sound, M1.0

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14
Q

Vref Categories

A

Aircraf categories shall be based on the IAS at threshold (Vat) which is equal to the stall speed in landing configuration (Vso) x 1.3 or Vs1g x 1.23 in the landing configuration at the maximum certified landing mass.
If both Vso and Vs1g are available, the higher resulting Vat shall be used.

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15
Q

Vref CAT A

A

< 91kts

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16
Q

Vref CAT B

A

91-120 kts

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17
Q

Vref CAT C

A

121-140kts

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18
Q

Vref CAT D

A

141 - 165 kts

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19
Q

Vref CAT E

A

165-210 kts

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20
Q

APU limits

A

Bleed + electric 10000ft
Bleed 17000ft
Electric 410000ft
Starts not recommended above 25000ft

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21
Q

Flap limit

A

Flap extended max alt 20000ft

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22
Q

CAT 1 limits

A

DH: 200ft
RVR: 550m
OR vis: 800m

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23
Q

CAT 2 limits

A

DH: lower than 200ft But Not lower than 100ft
RVR: 300m

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24
Q

CAT 3A limits

A

DH: 50ft
RVR: 200m

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25
Q

CAT 3B limits

A

DH: lower than 50ft or no DH
RVR: less than 200m but not less than 50m

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26
Q

CAT 3C limits

A

DH: no DH
RVR: no RVR

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27
Q 
Non precision approach lowest MDA
LOC
VOR/DME
VOR
NDB
Circling
A 
LOC: 250ft
VOR/DME: 250ft
VOR: 300ft
NDB: 300ft
Circling: 450ft cat c
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28
Q

Speed brakes most effective?

A

VMO/MMO, high speeds

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29
Q

Most effective brakes on ground?

A

Speedbrakes

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30
Q

Types of aquaplanning?

A

Dynamic Aquaplaning
Viscous Aquaplaning
Reverted Rubber Aquaplaning

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31
Q

Pull up pull up warning means?

A

Go around/ terrain escape manoeuvre

Advise ATC

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32
Q

VMCA and V1

A

VMCA is less or equal to V1

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33
Q

TCAS RA

A

Follow RA

Inform ATC

34
Q

What is the most common way pilots losing SA?

A

FMS programming

35
Q

Time of useful conciseness at 33000’

A

Moderate activity 30 sec

36
Q

Upslope runway gives the pilot what false indication?

A

Thinking he is to high on profile

37
Q

Runway centerline lighting

38
Q

Runway edge lighting

39
Q

Runway centerline lighting last 900m

40
Q

Runway centerline lighting lest 600m

41
Q

Runway centerline lighting last 300m

42
Q

Taxiway centerline lighting

43
Q

Taxiway edge lighting

44
Q

How do slotted flaps work?

A

By re-energizing the boundary layer. High pressure air flows through the slot into the upper surface which adds energy to the boundary layer, delays airflow separation and produces less drag.

45
Q

What prevents dutch roll?

A

Yaw Damper

46
Q

Proper course of action during severe turbulence?

A

Set turbulence penetration speed

Secure cabin, fasten belts on

47
Q

Crosswind from the right, what happens to the plane and how to correct.

A

Nose into the wind to maintain track

48
Q

How does most dissolve?

A
  • Wind

- Higher temperatures/ when air heats up

49
Q

Effect of de-icing on the ground?

A

Using more fuel

50
Q

When can you descend on a NDB approach?

A

When you are within 5 degrees of the final approach track.

51
Q

What do you do when fuel is under company policy/final reserve?

A

Declare an emergency

52
Q

Ice build up up and under the wing, what to expect?

A

Later lift off and higher lift off speed needed because of airflow interruption over the wings, more drag and stall speed increases

53
Q

Wet runway, how do we get correct?

A

Using rudder up to max deflection

54
Q

CB cloud/ microburst

A
  • up and downdrafts

- windshear

55
Q

Quality’s of a swept wing?

A
  • increases MCrit
  • Reduced drag
  • less prone to turbulence
  • tips stalls First causing nose up movement
  • increases positive lateral and directional stability
56
Q

TAF?

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast

57
Q

Position report over the Atlantic, what to report and when?

A

When:

  • Every waypoint
  • Or 45 min since your last report, whichever is earlier
  • whenever you wish to change speed or altitude
  • if ETA for inbound waypoint differs +/- 3 min from previous reported times

What:

  • Aircraft Ident
  • FL or Altitude
  • Next waypoint and ETA of Next waypoint
  • Waypoint after next waypoint
58
Q

MIFG

A

Shallow fog

59
Q

DZ

60
Q

FU

61
Q

PI

A

Ice pellets

62
Q

What is NDB and frequency band?

A
  • Non directional Beacon
  • 190khz - 1750 kHz
  • sends out an omnidirectional signal in the low and medium frequency’s can be used for NPA range 10-25 nm, or enroute range 50nm
63
Q

What visual references are required to continue a CAT 1 or NPA below da/mda?

A

At least one of the elements shall be visible:

  • Elements of the approach lighting system
  • The threshold
  • threshold markings
  • threshold lights
  • threshold identification lights
  • VASI/ PAPI
  • touchdown zone/ or markings
  • touchdown zone lights
  • Fato/ runway edge lights
64
Q

What visual references are required to continue a CAT 2 below dh

A
  • A segment of at least three consecutive lights being the centering of approach lights, touchdown lights, runway centerline lights or runway edge lights or a combination of these
  • a lateral element of the ground pattern
65
Q

What visual references are required to continue a CAT 3 below dh

A

-A segment of at least three consecutive lights being the centering of approach lights, touchdown lights, runway centerline lights or runway edge lights or a combination of these

66
Q

Why do we use SOP’s?

A

To provide guidelines for crew to operate together as a coordinated team.

67
Q

What is Mach tuck and how do you counter it?

A

It is a nose down tendency created by a change in the position of the centre of pressure resulting from a rearword movement of the shockwave which occurs as an aircraft accelerates beyond its limiting machnumber.

  • Counter it using Mach trim
  • Don’t fly above MMO
  • Vortex Generators
68
Q

Fuel planning?

A
  • Taxi fuel
  • Trip fuel
  • Reserve (final reserve, contingency)
  • Alternate fuel
  • Extra fuel
69
Q

What is the danger of decompression at high altitude?

A

Lack of oxygen causing hypoxia, decreasing performance of pilots and crew, could result in loss of life

70
Q

How does a INS/IRS work?

A

An INS/IRS use the main starting point and the system derives attitude, velocity and directional information from measuring the aircrafts accelerations using gyro’s. It makes calculations based on the forces made by acceleration to determine the aircraft ms location.

71
Q

Why fuel in kilograms and not in liters?

A

To correct for temperature, weight (mass) does not with temperature but volume does.

72
Q

Memory items engine fire

73
Q

Memory items Rapid decompression

74
Q

Draw a jet Engine

A

Intake: steady flow of air
Compressor: Compresses the air
Combustion: Burns fuel with compressed air causing it to expand
Turbine: Extracts energy from exhaust gasses to drive compressor and Fan
Exhaust: Accelerate air and maximize thrust

75
Q

Why is mass and balance important?

A

To stay within the specified limits for the aircrafts centre of gravity outlined in the AFM/ Flight envelope

76
Q

After Landing checks:

A
  • strobes off
  • Transponder alt off
  • flaps up
  • trim 4 units
  • Autobrake off
  • MCP
  • Engine start switch as needed
  • Probe best as needed
  • Apu as needed
77
Q

What signs on taxiways show you where you are where to go?

A
  • Black square dives the location where you are

- yellow square tells direction

78
Q

Yellow flashing lights on taxiway?

A

Runway Guard lights at the runway holding points

79
Q

AOI

A

Angle of incidence: Angle between wing chord and longitudinal axes(stays fixed during flight)

80
Q

AOA

A

Angle of Attack: angle between relative airflow and wing chord(is variable during flight)

81
Q

Lift formule

A

L=1/2p.v2.S.Cl(a)

p: dichtheid van de lucht
v: luchtsnelheid
S: oppervlakte vleugel
Cl: liftcoëfficient ten opzichte van a (aoa)

Atpl (1 decks)

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