ATP Written Flashcards
Which is true about energy
Kinetic energy can be traded for potential energy, and potential energy can be traded for kinetic energy
The objective in maneuvering the airplane is to manage energy so that:
kinetic and potential energy stays between limits, chemical energy stays above certain thresholds
What is the effect on total drag if airspeed slows below L/D max
Drag increases because of increased induced drag
A jet pilot flying at L/D Max will obtain best:
endurance
When a jet aircraft is flown at the appropriate airspeed for maximum range, which type of drag predominates?
parasite
While already at high speed, what happens if mach is allowed to increase
airflow over parts of the airplane begins to exceed the speed of sound
shockwaves can cause local airflow separation
characteristics such as pitch, up, pitch down, or buffeting may occur
SoS generally decreases with increasing altitude this occurs because
temperature decreased
critical mach number can be defined as
the speed of an aircraft in which airflow over any part of the aircraft or structure first reaches, but doesn’t exceed Mach 1
What is the result of a shock-induced separation of airflow occurring symmetrically near the wing root of a swept wing aircraft
a severe moment or ‘mach tuck’
stability in the vertical axis tends to drive the sideslip angle toward zero. the most dynamic stability about the vertical axis on modern jet is from
an active stability augmentation system / yaw dampers
swept wings cause a significant (Flaps)
reduction in effectiveness of flaps
Why is convergence of stall AoA and Mmo hazardous?
Decrease in airspeed ___
increase in airspeed ____
Any decrease in airspeed will cause the aircraft to buffet and potentially stall
any increase in airspeed will cause the aircraft to buffet and potentially suffer mach tuck
airspeed changes may occur due to environmental factors, without pilot input
To maintain altitude in a banked turn, the lift produced by the airplane must be
greater than the airplane weight, and the amount is a function of bank angle
Excessive bank angles at high altitudes can be hazardous because
the extra drag produced by the turn can lead to an excursion below LD max
aircraft engines at higher altitudes produce less thrust to overcome drag
the aircraft will be operating closer to its buffet boundaries
When operating at a constant airspeed with constant thrust setting at high altitude in slow flight below LD max airspeed, any disturbance causing a decrease in airspeed will result in a further decrease in airspeed unless thrust is increased. High altitude recovery from slow flight while turning is best accomplished by
increasing thrust to maximum available thrust and reducing bank angle while accelerating to airspeed above LD max speed. In a thrust limited situation, exiting slow flight will require an immediate descent as an aerodynamic stall is imminent
Maximum Altitude is the highest altitude at which an airplane can be operated. Maximum Altitude for an airplane is:
Maximum Certified Altitude - The altitude determined during certification set by the pressurization structural load limits on the fuselage.
(B) Thrust Limited Altitude - The altitude at which sufficient thrust is available to provide a specific minimum rate of climb.
(C) Buffet or Maneuver Limited Altitude - the altitude at which a specific maneuver margin exists prior to buffet onset.
The lowest of listed
Operational control of a flight refers to:
Exercising authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight
In scheduling Part 121 operations, preflight planning is the responsibility of the:
pilot in command and dispatcher
In scheduled Part 121 operations, the pilot-in-command and dispatcher certify that the appropriate planning is complete by signing the:
dispatch release
True or False: Recovery from approach to stall warning is the same as recovery from a stall
True
Exceed the critical angle of attack and the surface will stall, and lift will decrease instead of increasing. This is true:
Regardless of airplane speed or attitude
True or False: The airplane angle of attack is the angle between the wing chord and the oncoming air or relative wind
True
(True or False): Airplane stall speeds are published in the Approved Flight Manual for each airplane model. These speeds are presented as a function of aircraft weight. Therefore, if a pilot maintains airspeed above the appropriate speed listed for the aircraft weight, the aircraft will not stall.
False
The stall speed of an airplane is:
affected by weight and bank angle
Large downward aileron deflections:
Could induce air separation over that portion of the wing at very high angles of attack
What are the correct steps for stall recovery
-Disconnect autopilot and autothrottle /autopilot
-Apply nose down pitch control until impending stall indications are eliminated
-Adjust bank angle to wings level
-apply thrust as needed
-Retract speed brakes and spoilers
-Return to the desired flight path
What is the leading environmental cause of airplane upsets
wake turbulence
The predominant cause of airplane upsets are
environmental
During recovery from an airplane upset:
pilots must be prepared to use full control authority
When should an upset recovery be initiated?
whenever an unintentional excessive divergence from the intended flight path and/or airspeed occurs
During recovery from a nose low, high bank angle airplane upset:
it may be necessary to unload the airplane by decreasing back pressure
In a nose high, wings level airplane upset, after accomplishing the first two recommended techniques…
Apply up to full nose down elevator and consider trimming off some control force
Why do de-icing methods typically require the airplane to be sprayed twice?
The second application of fluid or more viscous so it will stick to the airplane until takeoff for continued protection
