ATP and ADP Flashcards
what are ATP and ADP classified as?
phosphorylated nucleotides
in all organisms, what is the supply of energy needed for? (2)
anabolic reactions and moving substances across the cell membranes (transport)
in animals, what is energy also required for? (2)
muscle coordination, and the conduction of nerve impulses
what and why is ATP also referred to as?
the universal energy currency, because ATP from respiration is used to transfer energy in all energy-requiring processes in cells
what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
what is the structure of ATP?
a nucleotide with:
- a ribose sugar
- three phosphate groups attached to the 5th carbon
- the nitrogenous base of adenine
does ATP have a purine or pyrimidine base and how can you tell?
a purine base; this is because it has two rings
- the larger ring is hexagonal and the smaller ring is pentagonal
give three properties of ATP:
- small
- soluble
- a short-term store of chemical energy
give three advantages of using ATP:
- release a small, but sufficient amount of energy, this will reduce energy waste and still be enough for metabolic reactions
- it is soluble and moves easily within cells, therefore the transport to different areas of the cell is sufficient
- exists as a stable molecule; it doesn’t break down unless an enzyme is present, so energy waste is reduced
what is the role of ATPase?
it catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and an inorganic phosphate group
what does the hydrolysis of ATP give energy for? (3)
- the active transport of ions against a concentration gradient
- enzyme controlled reactions that require energy
- muscle contraction and muscle fibre movement
how much energy does the removal of one phosphate group from ATP release?
30.8KJmol-1
what is phosphorylation?
the attachment of one phosphate group to another molecule (ADP to ATP)
what type of reaction is ATP synthesis?
a condensation reaction
when ATP is hydrolysed, what is released?
a water molecule
