ATP, ADP, RNA and DNA

Question 1

Describe ATP

Answer 1

-phosphorylated nucleotide
-3 phosphates
-ribose sugar
-adenine base

Question 2

the human body makes the equivalent of its own mass in ATP every day, why at the end of the day only a small proportion of mass is ATP?

Answer 2

-ATP is broken down and used up during reactions and processes in the body

Question 3

what reaction occurs when ATP is converted into ADP?

Answer 3

Hydrolysis

Question 4

ADP binds with an inorganic phosphate to make ATP name the reaction

Answer 4

-phosphorylation/ condensation

Question 5

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 5

deoxyribonucleicacid

Question 6

what pentose sugar does DNA contain?

Answer 6

deoxyribose

Question 7

what are the four different bases of DNA?
what are the pairings?

Answer 7

-adenine and thymine
-cytosine and guanine

Question 8

which bases are purines which are pyrimidines?

Answer 8

-purines are adenine and guanine
-pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine

Question 9

what is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 9

-purines are larger as they have a double ring structure and pyrimidines have a single ring
-this keeps a specific distance between all bases for DNA structure

Question 10

what holds the bases together?
how many for each pair?

Answer 10

-hydrogen bonds
-2 hydrogen bonds between A-T
-3 hydrogen bonds between G-C

Question 11

describe the structure of DNA

Answer 11

two strands of polynucleotides coiled into a double helix
-sugar phosphate backbone on the outside, bases in the centre
-two strands are antiparallel
-ten bases for each complete turn of DNA helix

Question 12

compare DNA in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 12

prokaryotes:
-DNA content in a loop within cytoplasm
-genome made of DNA

eukaryotes:
-DNA of genome in nucleus
-DNA wound around large protein called histones to make chromosomes
-genome made of DNA
-loop of DNA without histones found n mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 13

whats the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 13

-RNA has a ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
-contains base uracil instead of thymine
-RNA is one polynucleotide strand DNA is two
-DNA in chromosomes RNA in cytoplasm
-DNA extremely long, RNA shorter

Question 14

what are the similarities and differences between ATP and DNA?

Answer 14

DIFFERENCES:
-DNA contains 2 polynucleotides strand ATP only 1nucleotide
-ATP has 3 phosphates DNA only one
-ATP only an have an adenine base whereas DNA can have a base out of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

Similarities:
-both have a phosphate, pentose sugar and nitrogenous sugar

Question 15

what are two differences between ADP and DNA with an adenine base?

Answer 15

-ADP has 2 phosphates DNA nucleotide has one
-ADP has ribose sugar, DNA has deoxyribose sugar